ris3n's Apologetics Codex

Passage

Exodus 22.21-24

Book: Exodus · ASV / WEB / KJV / YLT

Immediate context (±2 verses)

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ASV (ASV)

"19. Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death. 20. He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto Jehovah only, shall be utterly destroyed."

"21. And a sojourner shalt thou not wrong, neither shalt thou oppress him: for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt. 22. Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. 23. If thou afflict them at all, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry; 24. and my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless."

"25. If thou lend money to any of my people with thee that is poor, thou shalt not be to him as a creditor; neither shall ye lay upon him interest. 26. If thou at all take thy neighbor's garment to pledge, thou shalt restore it unto him before the sun goeth down:" (Exodus 22:19-26, ASV)

WEB (WEB)

"19. “Whoever has sex with an animal shall surely be put to death. 20. “He who sacrifices to any god, except to Yahweh only, shall be utterly destroyed."

"21. “You shall not wrong an alien or oppress him, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt. 22. “You shall not take advantage of any widow or fatherless child. 23. If you take advantage of them at all, and they cry at all to me, I will surely hear their cry; 24. and my wrath will grow hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless."

"25. “If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor. You shall not charge him interest. 26. If you take your neighbor’s garment as collateral, you shall restore it to him before the sun goes down," (Exodus 22:19-26, WEB)

KJV (KJV)

"19. Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death. 20. He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the LORD only, he shall be utterly destroyed."

"21. Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. 22. Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. 23. If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry; 24. And my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless."

"25. If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury. 26. If thou at all take thy neighbour's raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down:" (Exodus 22:19-26, KJV)

YLT (YLT)

"19. 'Whoever lieth with a beast is certainly put to death. 20. 'He who is sacrificing to a god, save to Jehovah alone, is devoted."

"21. 'And a sojourner thou dost not oppress, nor crush him, for sojourners ye have been in the land of Egypt. 22. 'Any widow or orphan ye do not afflict; 23. if thou dost really afflict him, surely if he at all cry unto Me, I certainly hear his cry; 24. and Mine anger hath burned, and I have slain you by the sword, and your wives have been widows, and your sons orphans."

"25. 'If thou dost lend My poor people with thee money, thou art not to him as a usurer; thou dost not lay on him usury; 26. if thou dost at all take in pledge the garment of thy neighbour, during the going in of the sun thou dost return it to him:" (Exodus 22:19-26, YLT)

Setting

  • Speaker: Moses (traditional)
  • Audience: Israelite congregation post-Exodus
  • Location: Egypt → Sinai wilderness
  • Time period: events c. 1446-1445 BC; composed c. 1446-1406 BC

Theological reading

Key words

Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

  • ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
  • WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
  • KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
  • YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.