Passage

Zechariah 3.10

Book: Zechariah · ASV / WEB / KJV / YLT

Immediate context (±2 verses)

ASV

8. Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, you and your fellows that sit before you; for they are men that are a sign: for, behold, I will bring forth my servant the Branch. 9. For, behold, the stone that I have set before Joshua; upon one stone are seven eyes: behold, I will engrave the graving there, says Jehovah of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day.

10. In that day, says Jehovah of hosts, shall you invite every man his neighbor under the vine and under the fig-tree. (Zechariah 3:8-10, ASV)

WEB

8. Hear now, Joshua the high priest, you and your fellows who sit before you; for they are men who are a sign: for, behold, I will bring out my servant, the Branch. 9. For, behold, the stone that I have set before Joshua; on one stone are seven eyes: behold, I will engrave its engraving,’ says Yahweh of Armies, ‘and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day.

10. In that day,’ says Yahweh of Armies, ‘you will invite every man his neighbor under the vine and under the fig tree.’” (Zechariah 3:8-10, WEB)

KJV

8. Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, thou, and thy fellows that sit before thee: for they are men wondered at: for, behold, I will bring forth my servant the BRANCH. ^{wondered: Heb. of wonder, or, sign} 9. For behold the stone that I have laid before Joshua; upon one stone shall be seven eyes: behold, I will engrave the graving thereof, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day.

10. In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, shall ye call every man his neighbour under the vine and under the fig tree. (Zechariah 3:8-10, KJV)

YLT

8. Hear, I pray thee, Joshua, the high priest, Thou and thy companions sitting before thee, (For men of type [are] they,) For lo, I am bringing in My servant, a Shoot. 9. For lo, the stone that I put before Joshua, On one stone [are] seven eyes, Lo, I am graving its graving, An affirmation of Jehovah of Hosts, And I have removed the iniquity of that land in one day.

10. In that day, an affirmation of Jehovah of Hosts, Ye do call, each unto his neighbour, Unto the place of the vine, And unto the place of the fig-tree!' (Zechariah 3:8-10, YLT)

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Setting

Speaker: Zechariah, son of Berechiah, son of Iddo (1:1), a prophet of priestly descent
Audience: the returned Judean community in Jerusalem, under Zerubbabel the governor and Joshua the high priest
Location: Jerusalem, in the Persian province of Yehud
Time period: the night visions are dated to the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month of the second year of Darius I, early 519 BC

Theological reading

"In that day, saith Jehovah of hosts, shall ye invite every man his neighbor under the vine and under the fig-tree."

The closing line of the courtroom vision, and a deliberate change of scene. Guilt is dealt with in vv. 1-9; v. 10 shows what the dealing is for.

Vine and fig tree together are a settled biblical shorthand for secure ordinary life, used of Solomon's kingdom at 1 Kings 4:25, held out as a promise at Micah 4:4, and offered as a lie by the Assyrian field commander at 2 Kings 18:31. The picture is not wealth or conquest. It is a man able to sit outside his own house without fear, and able to call his neighbor over.

The social note is the part usually skipped. The verse is not "every man under his own vine" but every man inviting his neighbor. Restored standing before God issues in hospitality rather than in private security, which is the same movement Zechariah presses in the ethical oracles of 7:9-10 and 8:16-17.

Placed immediately after the removal of the land's iniquity in one day (v. 9), the verse gives the aim of atonement in domestic rather than cultic terms.

Key words

Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word; see Lexicon Roadmap.

H6635 - tzevaot, tzevaot, Strong's H6635
H3068 - YHWH, YHWH, Strong's H3068

Quoted in

Arguments and defeaters:

Jesus is Jacobs Ladder

People:

Bartholomew the Apostle

Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.