Passage
Romans 1.18-3.20
Book: Romans · NASB95
Immediate context (±2 verses)
ASV
16. For I am not ashamed of the gospel: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek. 17. For therein is revealed a righteousness of God from faith unto faith: as it is written, But the righteous shall live by faith.
18. For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hinder the truth in unrighteousness; 19. because that which is known of God is manifest in them; for God manifested it unto them. 20. For the invisible things of him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made, even his everlasting power and divinity; that they may be without excuse: 21. because that, knowing God, they glorified him not as God, neither gave thanks; but became vain in their reasonings, and their senseless heart was darkened. 22. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 23. and changed the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things. 24. Wherefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts unto uncleanness, that their bodies should be dishonored among themselves: 25. for that they exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshipped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. 26. For this cause God gave them up unto vile passions: for their women changed the natural use into that which is against nature: 27. and likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another, men with men working unseemliness, and receiving in themselves that recompense of their error which was due. 28. And even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up unto a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting; 29. being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malignity; whisperers, 30. backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31. without understanding, covenant-breakers, without natural affection, unmerciful: 32. who, knowing the ordinance of God, that they that practise such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also consent with them that practise them. 2:1. Wherefore thou art without excuse, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judges another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest dost practise the same things. 2:2. And we know that the judgment of God is according to truth against them that practise such things. 2:3. And reckonest thou this, O man, who judgest them that practise such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God? 2:4. Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? 2:5. but after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up for thyself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God; 2:6. who will render to every man according to his works: 2:7. to them that by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and incorruption, eternal life: 2:8. but unto them that are factious, and obey not the truth, but obey unrighteousness, shall be wrath and indignation, 2:9. tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that worketh evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Greek; 2:10. but glory and honor and peace to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Greek: 2:11. for there is no respect of persons with God. 2:12. For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without the law: and as many as have sinned under the law shall be judged by the law; 2:13. for not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified: 2:14. (for when Gentiles that have not the law do by nature the things of the law, these, not having the law, are the law unto themselves; 2:15. in that they show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness therewith, and their thoughts one with another accusing or else excusing them); 2:16. in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men, according to my gospel, by Jesus Christ. 2:17. But if thou bearest the name of a Jew, and restest upon the law, and gloriest in God, 2:18. and knowest his will, and approvest the things that are excellent, being instructed out of the law, 2:19. and art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them that are in darkness, 2:20. a corrector of the foolish, a teacher of babes, having in the law the form of knowledge and of the truth; 2:21. thou therefore that teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal? 2:22. thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou rob temples? 2:23. thou who gloriest in the law, through thy transgression of the law dishonorest thou God? 2:24. For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you, even as it is written. 2:25. For circumcision indeed profiteth, if thou be a doer of the law: but if thou be a transgressor of the law, thy circumcision is become uncircumcision. 2:26. If therefore the uncircumcision keep the ordinances of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be reckoned for circumcision? 2:27. and shall not the uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who with the letter and circumcision art a transgressor of the law? 2:28. For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh: 2:29. but he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God. 3:1. What advantage then hath the Jew? or what is the profit of circumcision? 3:2. Much every way: first of all, that they were intrusted with the oracles of God. 3:3. For what if some were without faith? shall their want of faith make of none effect the faithfulness of God? 3:4. God forbid: yea, let God be found true, but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be justified in thy words, And mightest prevail when thou comest into judgment. 3:5. But if our righteousness commendeth the righteousness of God, what shall we say? Is God unrighteous who visiteth with wrath? (I speak after the manner of men.) 3:6. God forbid: for then how shall God judge the world? 3:7. But if the truth of God through my lie abounded unto his glory, why am I also still judged as a sinner? 3:8. and why not (as we are slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say), Let us do evil, that good may come? whose condemnation is just. 3:9. What then? are we better than they? No, in no wise: for we before laid to the charge both of Jews and Greeks, that they are all under sin; 3:10. as it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one; 3:11. There is none that understandeth, There is none that seeketh after God; 3:12. They have all turned aside, they are together become unprofitable; There is none that doeth good, no, not, so much as one: 3:13. Their throat is an open sepulchre; With their tongues they have used deceit: The poison of asps is under their lips: 3:14. Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness: 3:15. Their feet are swift to shed blood; 3:16. Destruction and misery are in their ways; 3:17. And the way of peace have they not known: 3:18. There is no fear of God before their eyes. 3:19. Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it speaketh to them that are under the law; that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may be brought under the judgment of God: 3:20. because by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified in his sight; for through the law cometh the knowledge of sin.
3:21. But now apart from the law a righteousness of God hath been manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets; 3:22. even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ unto all them that believe; for there is no distinction; (Romans 1:16-3:22, ASV)
WEB
16. For I am not ashamed of the Good News of Christ, for it is the power of God for salvation for everyone who believes; for the Jew first, and also for the Greek. 17. For in it is revealed God’s righteousness from faith to faith. As it is written, “But the righteous shall live by faith.”
18. For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, 19. because that which is known of God is revealed in them, for God revealed it to them. 20. For the invisible things of him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made, even his everlasting power and divinity; that they may be without excuse. 21. Because, knowing God, they didn’t glorify him as God, neither gave thanks, but became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless heart was darkened. 22. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 23. and traded the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed animals, and creeping things. 24. Therefore God also gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to uncleanness, that their bodies should be dishonored among themselves, 25. who exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen. 26. For this reason, God gave them up to vile passions. For their women changed the natural function into that which is against nature. 27. Likewise also the men, leaving the natural function of the woman, burned in their lust toward one another, men doing what is inappropriate with men, and receiving in themselves the due penalty of their error. 28. Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting; 29. being filled with all unrighteousness, sexual immorality, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil habits, secret slanderers, 30. backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31. without understanding, covenant breakers, without natural affection, unforgiving, unmerciful; 32. who, knowing the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them. 2:1. Therefore you are without excuse, O man, whoever you are who judge. For in that which you judge another, you condemn yourself. For you who judge practice the same things. 2:2. We know that the judgment of God is according to truth against those who practice such things. 2:3. Do you think this, O man who judges those who practice such things, and do the same, that you will escape the judgment of God? 2:4. Or do you despise the riches of his goodness, forbearance, and patience, not knowing that the goodness of God leads you to repentance? 2:5. But according to your hardness and unrepentant heart you are treasuring up for yourself wrath in the day of wrath, revelation, and of the righteous judgment of God; 2:6. who “will pay back to everyone according to their works:” 2:7. to those who by perseverance in well-doing seek for glory, honor, and incorruptibility, eternal life; 2:8. but to those who are self-seeking, and don’t obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, will be wrath and indignation, 2:9. oppression and anguish, on every soul of man who does evil, to the Jew first, and also to the Greek. 2:10. But glory, honor, and peace go to every man who does good, to the Jew first, and also to the Greek. 2:11. For there is no partiality with God. 2:12. For as many as have sinned without law will also perish without the law. As many as have sinned under the law will be judged by the law. 2:13. For it isn’t the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law will be justified 2:14. (for when Gentiles who don’t have the law do by nature the things of the law, these, not having the law, are a law to themselves, 2:15. in that they show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience testifying with them, and their thoughts among themselves accusing or else excusing them) 2:16. in the day when God will judge the secrets of men, according to my Good News, by Jesus Christ. 2:17. Indeed you bear the name of a Jew, and rest on the law, and glory in God, 2:18. and know his will, and approve the things that are excellent, being instructed out of the law, 2:19. and are confident that you yourself are a guide of the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, 2:20. a corrector of the foolish, a teacher of babies, having in the law the form of knowledge and of the truth. 2:21. You therefore who teach another, don’t you teach yourself? You who preach that a man shouldn’t steal, do you steal? 2:22. You who say a man shouldn’t commit adultery. Do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 2:23. You who glory in the law, through your disobedience of the law do you dishonor God? 2:24. For “the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you,” just as it is written. 2:25. For circumcision indeed profits, if you are a doer of the law, but if you are a transgressor of the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 2:26. If therefore the uncircumcised keep the ordinances of the law, won’t his uncircumcision be accounted as circumcision? 2:27. Won’t the uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfills the law, judge you, who with the letter and circumcision are a transgressor of the law? 2:28. For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, neither is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh; 2:29. but he is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit not in the letter; whose praise is not from men, but from God. 3:1. Then what advantage does the Jew have? Or what is the profit of circumcision? 3:2. Much in every way! Because first of all, they were entrusted with the revelations of God. 3:3. For what if some were without faith? Will their lack of faith nullify the faithfulness of God? 3:4. May it never be! Yes, let God be found true, but every man a liar. As it is written, “That you might be justified in your words, and might prevail when you come into judgment.” 3:5. But if our unrighteousness commends the righteousness of God, what will we say? Is God unrighteous who inflicts wrath? I speak like men do. 3:6. May it never be! For then how will God judge the world? 3:7. For if the truth of God through my lie abounded to his glory, why am I also still judged as a sinner? 3:8. Why not (as we are slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say), “Let us do evil, that good may come?” Those who say so are justly condemned. 3:9. What then? Are we better than they? No, in no way. For we previously warned both Jews and Greeks, that they are all under sin. 3:10. As it is written, “There is no one righteous; no, not one. 3:11. There is no one who understands. There is no one who seeks after God. 3:12. They have all turned aside. They have together become unprofitable. There is no one who does good, no, not so much as one.” 3:13. “Their throat is an open tomb. With their tongues they have used deceit.” “The poison of vipers is under their lips”; 3:14. “whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness.” 3:15. “Their feet are swift to shed blood. 3:16. Destruction and misery are in their ways. 3:17. The way of peace, they haven’t known.” 3:18. “There is no fear of God before their eyes.” 3:19. Now we know that whatever things the law says, it speaks to those who are under the law, that every mouth may be closed, and all the world may be brought under the judgment of God. 3:20. Because by the works of the law, no flesh will be justified in his sight. For through the law comes the knowledge of sin.
3:21. But now apart from the law, a righteousness of God has been revealed, being testified by the law and the prophets; 3:22. even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all and on all those who believe. For there is no distinction, (Romans 1:16-3:22, WEB)
KJV
16. For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek. 17. For therein is the righteousness of God revealed from faith to faith: as it is written, The just shall live by faith.
18. For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; 19. Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them. in them: or, to them 20. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: so: or, that they may be 21. Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. 22. Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 23. And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. 24. Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves: 25. Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. more: or, rather 26. For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: 27. And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet. 28. And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; to retain: or, to acknowledge a reprobate: or, a mind void of judgment or, an unapproving mind 29. Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, 30. Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31. Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful: without natural: or unsociable 32. Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them. have: or, consent with 2:1. Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things. 2:2. But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things. 2:3. And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God? 2:4. Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? 2:5. But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God; 2:6. Who will render to every man according to his deeds: 2:7. To them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life: 2:8. But unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath, 2:9. Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile; Gentile: Gr. Greek 2:10. But glory, honour, and peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile: Gentile: Gr. Greek 2:11. For there is no respect of persons with God. 2:12. For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law; 2:13. (For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified. 2:14. For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves: 2:15. Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;) their conscience: or, the conscience witnessing with them the mean: or, between themselves 2:16. In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel. 2:17. Behold, thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast of God, 2:18. And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law; approvest: or, triest the things that differ 2:19. And art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them which are in darkness, 2:20. An instructor of the foolish, a teacher of babes, which hast the form of knowledge and of the truth in the law. 2:21. Thou therefore which teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal? 2:22. Thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sacrilege? 2:23. Thou that makest thy boast of the law, through breaking the law dishonourest thou God? 2:24. For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles through you, as it is written. 2:25. For circumcision verily profiteth, if thou keep the law: but if thou be a breaker of the law, thy circumcision is made uncircumcision. 2:26. Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision? 2:27. And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law? 2:28. For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh: 2:29. But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God. 3:1. What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of circumcision? 3:2. Much every way: chiefly, because that unto them were committed the oracles of God. 3:3. For what if some did not believe? shall their unbelief make the faith of God without effect? 3:4. God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written, That thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged. 3:5. But if our unrighteousness commend the righteousness of God, what shall we say? Is God unrighteous who taketh vengeance? (I speak as a man) 3:6. God forbid: for then how shall God judge the world? 3:7. For if the truth of God hath more abounded through my lie unto his glory; why yet am I also judged as a sinner? 3:8. And not rather, (as we be slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say,) Let us do evil, that good may come? whose damnation is just. 3:9. What then? are we better than they? No, in no wise: for we have before proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they are all under sin; proved: Gr. charged 3:10. As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: 3:11. There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God. 3:12. They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. 3:13. Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips: 3:14. Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness: 3:15. Their feet are swift to shed blood: 3:16. Destruction and misery are in their ways: 3:17. And the way of peace have they not known: 3:18. There is no fear of God before their eyes. 3:19. Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God. guilty: or, subject to the judgment of God 3:20. Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin.
3:21. But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets; 3:22. Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference: (Romans 1:16-3:22, KJV)
YLT
16. for I am not ashamed of the good news of the Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation to every one who is believing, both to Jew first, and to Greek. 17. For the righteousness of God in it is revealed from faith to faith, according as it hath been written, 'And the righteous one by faith shall live,'
18. for revealed is the wrath of God from heaven upon all impiety and unrighteousness of men, holding down the truth in unrighteousness. 19. Because that which is known of God is manifest among them, for God did manifest [it] to them, 20. for the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world, by the things made being understood, are plainly seen, both His eternal power and Godhead, to their being inexcusable; 21. because, having known God they did not glorify [Him] as God, nor gave thanks, but were made vain in their reasonings, and their unintelligent heart was darkened, 22. professing to be wise, they were made fools, 23. and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of fowls, and of quadrupeds, and of reptiles. 24. Wherefore also God did give them up, in the desires of their hearts, to uncleanness, to dishonour their bodies among themselves; 25. who did change the truth of God into a falsehood, and did honour and serve the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed to the ages. Amen. 26. Because of this did God give them up to dishonourable affections, for even their females did change the natural use into that against nature; 27. and in like manner also the males having left the natural use of the female, did burn in their longing toward one another; males with males working shame, and the recompense of their error that was fit, in themselves receiving. 28. And, according as they did not approve of having God in knowledge, God gave them up to a disapproved mind, to do the things not seemly; 29. having been filled with all unrighteousness, whoredom, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil dispositions; whisperers, 30. evil-speakers, God-haters, insulting, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31. unintelligent, faithless, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful; 32. who the righteous judgment of God having known, that those practising such things are worthy of death, not only do them, but also have delight with those practising them. 2:1. Therefore, thou art inexcusable, O man, every one who is judging, for in that in which thou dost judge the other, thyself thou dost condemn, for the same things thou dost practise who art judging, 2:2. and we have known that the judgment of God is according to truth, upon those practising such things. 2:3. And dost thou think this, O man, who art judging those who such things are practising, and art doing them, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God? 2:4. or the riches of His goodness, and forbearance, and long-suffering, dost thou despise?, not knowing that the goodness of God doth lead thee to reformation! 2:5. but, according to thy hardness and impenitent heart, thou dost treasure up to thyself wrath, in a day of wrath and of the revelation of the righteous judgment of God, 2:6. who shall render to each according to his works; 2:7. to those, indeed, who in continuance of a good work, do seek glory, and honour, and incorruptibility, life age-during; 2:8. and to those contentious, and disobedient, indeed, to the truth, and obeying the unrighteousness, indignation and wrath, 2:9. tribulation and distress, upon every soul of man that is working the evil, both of Jew first, and of Greek; 2:10. and glory, and honour, and peace, to every one who is working the good, both to Jew first, and to Greek. 2:11. For there is no acceptance of faces with God, 2:12. for as many as without law did sin, without law also shall perish, and as many as did sin in law, through law shall be judged, 2:13. for not the hearers of the law [are] righteous before God, but the doers of the law shall be declared righteous: 2:14. For, when nations that have not a law, by nature may do the things of the law, these not having a law, to themselves are a law; 2:15. who do shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also witnessing with them, and between one another the thoughts accusing or else defending, 2:16. in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men, according to my good news, through Jesus Christ. 2:17. Lo, thou art named a Jew, and dost rest upon the law, and dost boast in God, 2:18. and dost know the will, and dost approve the distinctions, being instructed out of the law, 2:19. and hast confidence that thou thyself art a leader of blind ones, a light of those in darkness, 2:20. an instructor of foolish ones, a teacher of babes, having the form of the knowledge and of the truth in the law. 2:21. Thou, then, who art teaching another, thyself dost thou not teach? 2:22. thou who art preaching not to steal, dost thou steal? thou who art saying not to commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou who art abhorring the idols, dost thou rob temples? 2:23. thou who in the law dost boast, through the transgression of the law God dost thou dishonour? 2:24. for the name of God because of you is evil spoken of among the nations, according as it hath been written. 2:25. For circumcision, indeed, doth profit, if law thou mayest practise, but if a transgressor of law thou mayest be, thy circumcision hath become uncircumcision. 2:26. If, therefore the uncircumcision the righteousness of the law may keep, shall not his uncircumcision for circumcision be reckoned? 2:27. and the uncircumcision, by nature, fulfilling the law, shall judge thee who, through letter and circumcision, [art] a transgressor of law. 2:28. For he is not a Jew who is [so] outwardly, neither [is] circumcision that which is outward in flesh; 2:29. but a Jew [is] he who is [so] inwardly, and circumcision [is] of the heart, in spirit, not in letter, of which the praise is not of men, but of God. 3:1. What, then, [is] the superiority of the Jew? or what the profit of the circumcision? 3:2. much in every way; for first, indeed, that they were intrusted with the oracles of God; 3:3. for what, if certain were faithless? shall their faithlessness the faithfulness of god make useless? 3:4. let it not be! and let God become true, and every man false, according as it hath been written, 'That Thou mayest be declared righteous in Thy words, and mayest overcome in Thy being judged.' 3:5. And, if our unrighteousness God's righteousness doth establish, what shall we say? is God unrighteous who is inflicting the wrath? (after the manner of a man I speak) 3:6. let it not be! since how shall God judge the world? 3:7. for if the truth of God in my falsehood did more abound to His glory, why yet am I also as a sinner judged? 3:8. and not, as we are evil spoken of, and as certain affirm us to say, 'We may do the evil things, that the good ones may come?' whose judgment is righteous. 3:9. What, then? are we better? not at all! for we did before charge both Jews and Greeks with being all under sin, 3:10. according as it hath been written, 'There is none righteous, not even one; 3:11. There is none who is understanding, there is none who is seeking after God. 3:12. All did go out of the way, together they became unprofitable, there is none doing good, there is not even one. 3:13. A sepulchre opened [is] their throat; with their tongues they used deceit; poison of asps [is] under their lips. 3:14. Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness. 3:15. Swift [are] their feet to shed blood. 3:16. Ruin and misery [are] in their ways. 3:17. And a way of peace they did not know. 3:18. There is no fear of God before their eyes.' 3:19. And we have known that as many things as the law saith, to those in the law it doth speak, that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may come under judgment to God; 3:20. wherefore by works of law shall no flesh be declared righteous before Him, for through law is a knowledge of sin.
3:21. And now apart from law hath the righteousness of God been manifested, testified to by the law and the prophets, 3:22. and the righteousness of God [is] through the faith of Jesus Christ to all, and upon all those believing,, for there is no difference, (Romans 1:16-3:22, YLT)
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Setting
- Speaker: TBD
- Audience: TBD
- Location: TBD
- Time period: TBD
Theological reading
Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added.
Key words
Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word.
- TBD
- TBD
- TBD
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Quoted in
Arguments and defeaters:
- 100 Questions for Evolutionists, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Accident of Birth Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Agnostic Retreat Defeater, via Romans 1.19-20
- Anonymous Gospels Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.1
- Anthropology Defeats Christianity Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Anthropology vs Epistemology Priority Objection Defeater, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21
- Aquinas Five Ways, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Argument from Awe and Wonder, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Argument from Conscience, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.32
- Argument from Epistemic Normativity, via Romans 1.18-21
- Argument from Intelligibility, via Romans 1.20
- Argument from Physics (Guillen), via Romans 1.19-20
- Argument from Purpose Meaning and Hope, via Romans 1.18-23, Romans 1.19-20
- Argument from Reason, via Romans 1.18-21
- Argument from Religious Experience, via Romans 1, Romans 1.19-20
- Argument from Science as Faith-Based (Guillen), via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-23
- Argument from the Addressee of Gratitude, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.21, Romans 1.28
- Argument from the Beauty-Mathematics Convergence, via Romans 1.20
- Argument from the Continuance of Being, via Romans 1.18-21
- Argument from the Demand to Be Witnessed, via Romans 1.18-21
- Argument from the Genetic Code, via Romans 1.20
- Argument from the Observer-Demand Convergence, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Argument from the Reliability of Reason, via Romans 1.18-21
- Argument from the Resurrection, via Romans 1.4
- Argument from the Universal Worship Convergence, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-25, Romans 1.21, Romans 1.23
- Argument from the Unlivability of Nihilism, via Romans 1.18-21
- Atheism as Religion, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-25, Romans 1.21-25
- Atheism is a Belief, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-22, Romans 1.19-20
- Atheism Moral Neutrality Failure, via Romans 1.18-21
- Atheism Promotes Hatred Lies and Self-Idolatry, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-32, Romans 1.24-26, Romans 1.25, Romans 1.28-32
- Atheism Targets the Vulnerable (Recruitment-Dynamic Defeater), via Romans 1, Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-22, Romans 1.21, Romans 1.22
- Atheist Moral Realism Defeater, via Romans 1.32
- Atheist Self-Identity Dilemma, via Romans 1.18-21
- Bayesian Argument for Theism, via Romans 1.20
- Belief-Choice Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Bible Scientific Errors Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.20
- Biblical Sexual Ethics Objection Defeater, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-32
- Born This Way Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.26-27
- Build the Cosmological Argument, via Romans 1.18-21
- Cambrian Explosion Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Cant Prove a Negative Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-23
- Cartesian Skeptical Argument and Christian Responses, via Romans 1.20
- Chirality Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Christ Before Jesus Thesis Defeater, via Romans 1.3-4
- Christians Not Under Mosaic Law, via Romans 1
- Common Design vs Common Descent Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Convergent Evolution as Design Signal Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Cosmic Dictator Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-25
- Cursed Messiah Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.4
- Davidic Inheritance Physical Seed Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.3
- Define the God You Deny (Debate Traps), via Romans 1.19-20
- Divine Hiddenness Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-23, Romans 1.19-20
- Edge of Evolution Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Epistemology Defeats Christianity Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Evil God Objection Defeater, via Romans 1
- Evolution and Empathy Ground Morality (Defeater), via Romans 1.18-21
- Faith is Belief Without Evidence Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Fifth Way - Teleology, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Fine-Tuning Argument, via Romans 1.20
- First Way - Motion, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Fitness Beats Truth Argument, via Romans 1.18-21
- Genesis ANE Myth Borrowing Objection Defeater, via Romans 1
- Gentiles Cannot Be Saved Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.16
- God Created Me Knowing I Would Reject Him Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-23, Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.24, Romans 1.26, Romans 1.28
- God of the Gaps Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Hand of God Argument, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Hardening Pharaohs Heart Objection Defeater, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.24, Romans 1.26, Romans 1.28
- Hell as Eternal Torment Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Hofweber Internalist Deflationism Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.20
- Inference to the Best Explanation in Bio Origins Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Information Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Intersubjective Morality Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Irreducible Complexity Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Jesus Came Only for Israel Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.16
- Jews Do Not Need Jesus Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.16
- Kantian Critique of Natural Theology Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.20
- Methodological Naturalism Critique, via Romans 1.20
- Molecular Machines Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Moral Anti-Realism Defeater, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21
- Moral Argument, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.32
- Muhammad Not in Bible Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.3
- Mythicism Refutation, via Romans 1.3, Romans 1.3-4
- Necessity of the Incarnation, via Romans 1.4
- OT vs NT God Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-32
- Paul Invented Christianity Objection Defeater, via Romans 1, Romans 1.3-4
- Performative Self-Refutation of Atheist Denial, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.21-22
- Phylogenetic Incongruence Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Protein Sequence Space Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Religion Is a Crutch Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18
- Resurrection Implies Christian Theism, via Romans 1.3-4, Romans 1.4
- Ritual Purity Laws Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.26-27
- Sacred Name Yahawah Yahawashi Required for Salvation Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.3-4
- Signature in the Cell Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Specified Complexity Argument, via Romans 1.20
- Stealing from God Argument, via Romans 1.18-21
- Stroud Objection to Transcendental Arguments Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Subjective Morality Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Transcendental Argument for God, via Romans 1.18-21
- Trinity Invented at Nicaea Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.3-4
- Unitarian Oneness Binitarian Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.20, Romans 1.4
- Universal Probability Bound, via Romans 1.20
- Vestigial Organs and Anatomy Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.20
- Why Doesn't God Heal Amputees Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
- Why Doesnt God Stop Satan Objection Defeater, via Romans 1.18-21
Concepts:
- 100 Common Questions, via Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.26-27
- A Quick-Glance Guide to Aquinas Five Ways, via Romans 1.20
- Abiogenesis Under the Microscope, via Romans 1.20
- Accident of Birth Objection, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21
- Agnosticism, via Romans 1.18-21
- Animism, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.25
- Apologetics, via Romans 1.18-21
- Arminianism, via Romans 1
- Atheism, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-32, Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.25, Romans 1.26-27
- Belief Vs Knowledge, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Belief-Choice Objection, via Romans 1.18-21
- Bible Circularity Objection, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18
- Biblical Goodness, via Romans 1, Romans 1.19
- Biblical Sexual Ethics Objection, via Romans 1.18-32
- Black Hebrew Israelite Doctrine, via Romans 1.16
- Causal Principle, via Romans 1.20
- Christ Was Made (Misread Proof-Texts), via Romans 1.3-4, Romans 1.4
- Christian Theories of Knowledge, via Romans 1.18-23, Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.21-23
- Christianity, via Romans 1.18-21
- Christology, via Romans 1.4
- Church at Rome, via Romans 1, Romans 1.8
- Churches the Disciples Started, via Romans 1, Romans 1.16
- Cognitive Science of Religion, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19, Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.19-21
- Confirmation Bias, via Romans 1.18-23
- Cosmic Dictator Objection, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-25, Romans 1.24
- Davidic Covenant, via Romans 1.3
- Diagnostic Doorways, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19-21, Romans 1.21-23
- Divine Hiddenness, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-23, Romans 1.19-20
- Divine Incomprehensibility, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Engaging the Conclusion-Fixed Skeptic, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-23, Romans 1.20
- Evangelism, via Romans 1.19-21
- Failed Messianic Prophecy Objections, via Romans 1.3
- Faith, via Romans 1.17
- Faith and Reason, via Romans 1.18-21
- Faith is Belief Without Evidence Objection, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21
- General Revelation, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- God is Impossible Paradox Cluster, via Romans 1.20
- God of the Gaps, via Romans 1.18-21
- Gospel, via Romans 1.16
- Hardening Pharaohs Heart, via Romans 1, Romans 1.24, Romans 1.26, Romans 1.28
- Hearing God, via Romans 1.19-20
- Hell and Eternal Punishment, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21
- Homosexuality, via Romans 1, Romans 1.26-27
- Hypostatic Union, via Romans 1.3-4
- Idolatry, via Romans 1, Romans 1.22-25
- Incarnation, via Romans 1.3-4
- Information Argument for Design, via Romans 1.20
- Innate Knowledge of God, via Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19
- Irreducible Complexity, via Romans 1.20
- Is Atheism a Religion, via Romans 1.18-23
- Israel and the Church, via Romans 1.16
- Justification by Faith
- Justified True Belief, via Romans 1.18-21
- Lesson 1.5, The Methods of Apologetics, via Romans 1
- Lesson 3.5, The Transcendental Argument, via Romans 1.18-21
- Lesson 4.2, Divine Hiddenness, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-21
- Listening Tools, via Romans 1.19-21
- Mary's Lineage, via Romans 1.3
- Mathematical Intelligibility of Nature, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.20
- Meaning-Centered Evangelism, via Romans 1, Romans 1.21-22
- Messianic Prophecy, via Romans 1.3
- Methodological Naturalism, via Romans 1.18-21
- Mission Geography (Acts 1-8), via Romans 1.16
- Moral Arguments, via Romans 1.18-21
- Morality, via Romans 1.18-21
- Mosaic Capital Punishment, via Romans 1.26-27
- Multiverse, via Romans 1.18-21
- Natural Theology, via Romans 1, Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.20
- Old Testament Christology, via Romans 1.3
- Origins and Cosmology, via Romans 1.18-21
- OT vs NT God Objection, via Romans 1.18-32
- Penal Substitutionary Atonement, via Romans 1.18
- Philosophy, via Romans 1
- Polytheism, via Romans 1.18-21
- Prayers for Evangelism, via Romans 1.16
- Pre-Pauline Creeds, via Romans 1.3-4
- Preaching to Non-Believers, via Romans 1.18-23, Romans 1.19-20
- Presuppositionalism, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19-20
- Psychology of Lowered Defenses, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19-21, Romans 1.21
- Quick Objection Responses, via Romans 1.20, Romans 1.20-21
- Reformation, via Romans 1.16-17
- Reformed Epistemology, via Romans 1.18-21
- Resurrection, via Romans 1.4
- Resurrection of Jesus - Minimal Facts Case, via Romans 1.3-4
- Resurrection of Jesus - Theological Significance, via Romans 1.3-4, Romans 1.4
- Resurrection of the Body, via Romans 1.3-4
- Romans Road, via Romans 1.18-20
- Salvation Exclusivity, via Romans 1.18-21
- Salvation of the Unevangelized, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-32, Romans 1.19-20
- Seeking God, via Romans 1.18, Romans 1.19-20, Romans 1.20
- Sensus Divinitatis, via Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21
- Sola Fide, via Romans 1.16-17
- Soul and Spirit, Origin and Awareness, via Romans 1.18-21
- Spirit of Perversion, via Romans 1.24-26
- Spiritual But Not Religious, via Romans 1.19-20
- Suppression of God Thesis, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21
- Teleological Arguments, via Romans 1.18-21
- The Hebrew Israelite Defense, via Romans 1.16
- The Jewish Defense, via Romans 1.16
- Theist Arguments, via Romans 1.20
- Trinity, via Romans 1.7
- Trinity Invented at Nicaea Objection, via Romans 1.3-4
- Universalism, via Romans 1.16
- Why Doesn't God Heal Amputees Objection, via Romans 1.18-21
- You Cant Choose Your Beliefs (Doxastic Involuntarism Objection), via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-20, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19-21, Romans 1.21
- You Cant Prove a Negative, via Romans 1.18-23
People:
- David Hume, via Romans 1.18-21
- Greg Bahnsen, via Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-21
- Hebrew Israelites, via Romans 1.16
- Jesus, via Romans 1.18-21
- Justin Barrett, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.19-21
- Lecrae, via Romans 1.16
- Martin Luther, via Romans 1.17
- Paul the Apostle, via Romans 1.18-21
- Sye Ten Bruggencate, via Romans 1.18-21
Lexicon:
- G0225 - aletheia, via Romans 1.18, Romans 1.25
- G0386 - anastasis, via Romans 1.4
- G0602 - apokalypsis, via Romans 1.17-18
- G0627 - apologia, via Romans 1.18-21
- G1080 - gennao, via Romans 1.4
- G1096 - ginomai, via Romans 1.3
- G1342 - dikaios, via Romans 1.17
- G1343 - dikaiosyne, via Romans 1.17, Romans 1.3
- G1391 - doxa, via Romans 1.23
- G1401 - doulos, via Romans 1.1
- G1504 - eikon, via Romans 1.23
- G2097 - euangelizo, via Romans 1.15
- G2098 - euangelion, via Romans 1.1-4, Romans 1.16
- G2305 - theiotes, via Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.18-23, Romans 1.18-32, Romans 1.20
- G2320 - theotes, via Romans 1.20
- G2433 - hilaskomai
- G2588 - kardia, via Romans 1.21
- G2722 - katecho, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18, Romans 1.18-19, Romans 1.18-21
- G2889 - kosmos, via Romans 1.20
- G2936 - ktizo, via Romans 1.25
- G2937 - ktisis, via Romans 1.20
- G3498 - nekros, via Romans 1.4
- G3563 - nous, via Romans 1.28
- G3667 - homoioma, via Romans 1.18-32, Romans 1.23
- G4102 - pistis, via Romans 1.17
- G4561 - sarx, via Romans 1.3
- G4991 - soteria, via Romans 1.16, Romans 1.16-17
- G5207 - huios, via Romans 1.3-4
- G5218 - hypakoe, via Romans 1.16, Romans 1.18-21, Romans 1.5
- G5219 - hypakouo, via Romans 1.5
- G5485 - charis, via Romans 1.7
- G5547 - christos, via Romans 1.3-4
- G5584 - pselaphao, via Romans 1.18-21
- H0530 - emunah, via Romans 1.17
- H0539 - aman, via Romans 1.17
- H1121 - ben, via Romans 1.3, Romans 1.3-4
- H1319 - basar, via Romans 1.1-4
- H1320 - basar, via Romans 1.3
- H3045 - yada, via Romans 1.18-21
- H4191 - mut, via Romans 1.17
- H5650 - ebed, via Romans 1.1
- H6666 - tzedakah, via Romans 1.17, Romans 1.3
Guides:
- 02 Faith and Worldview, via Romans 1.18-21
- 03 Arguments for God, via Romans 1.18-21
- 04 Defeating Objections, via Romans 1.18-21
- Ris3n Arguments, via Romans 1, Romans 1.18-25
Notes
Your annotations.
Why these four translations
ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.
The four:
- ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
- WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
- KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
- YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.
See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.