Passage

Romans 1.1-4

Book: Romans · NASB95

Immediate context (±2 verses)

ASV (ASV)

1. Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God, 2. which he promised afore through his prophets in the holy scriptures, 3. concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh, 4. who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead; even Jesus Christ our Lord,

through whom we received grace and apostleship, unto obedience of faith among all the nations, for his name's sake; 6. among whom are ye also called to be Jesus Christ's: (Romans 1:1-6, ASV)

WEB (WEB)

1. Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, set apart for the Good News of God, 2. which he promised before through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, 3. concerning his Son, who was born of the offspring of David according to the flesh, 4. who was declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord,

through whom we received grace and apostleship, for obedience of faith among all the nations, for his name’s sake; 6. among whom you are also called to belong to Jesus Christ; (Romans 1:1-6, WEB)

KJV (KJV)

1. Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God, 2. (Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,) 3. Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; 4. And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead: ^{declared: Gr. determined}

By whom we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name: ^{for obedience: or, to the obedience of faith} 6. Among whom are ye also the called of Jesus Christ: (Romans 1:1-6, KJV)

YLT (YLT)

1. Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, having been separated to the good news of God 2. which He announced before through His prophets in holy writings 3. concerning His Son, (who is come of the seed of David according to the flesh, 4. who is marked out Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of sanctification, by the rising again from the dead,) Jesus Christ our Lord;

through whom we did receive grace and apostleship, for obedience of faith among all the nations, in behalf of his name; 6. among whom are also ye, the called of Jesus Christ; (Romans 1:1-6, YLT)

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Setting

Speaker: TBD
Audience: TBD
Location: TBD
Time period: TBD

Theological reading

Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added.

Key words

Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word; see Lexicon Roadmap.

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Quoted in

Arguments and defeaters:

Concepts:

Christ Was Made (Misread Proof-Texts), via Romans 1.3-4, Romans 1.4
Christology, via Romans 1.4
Failed Messianic Prophecy Objections, via Romans 1.3
Hypostatic Union, via Romans 1.3-4
Incarnation, via Romans 1.3-4
Mary's Lineage, via Romans 1.3
Messianic Prophecy, via Romans 1.3
Old Testament Christology, via Romans 1.3
Pre-Pauline Creeds, via Romans 1.3-4
Resurrection, via Romans 1.4
Resurrection of Jesus - Minimal Facts Case, via Romans 1.3-4
Resurrection of Jesus - Theological Significance, via Romans 1.3-4, Romans 1.4

Lexicon:

G0386 - anastasis, via Romans 1.4
G1096 - ginomai, via Romans 1.3
G1343 - dikaiosyne, via Romans 1.3
G1401 - doulos, via Romans 1.1
G2098 - euangelion
G3498 - nekros, via Romans 1.4
G4561 - sarx, via Romans 1.3
G5207 - huios, via Romans 1.3-4
G5547 - christos, via Romans 1.3-4
H1121 - ben, via Romans 1.3, Romans 1.3-4
H1320 - basar, via Romans 1.3
H5650 - ebed, via Romans 1.1
H6666 - tzedakah, via Romans 1.3

Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.