Passage
Numbers 1.18
18. and they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month; and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls. (ASV)Book: Numbers · ASV / WEB / KJV / YLT
Immediate context (±2 verses)
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ASV
16. These are they that were called of the congregation, the princes of the tribes of their fathers; they were the heads of the thousands of Israel. 17. And Moses and Aaron took these men that are mentioned by name:
18. and they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month; and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls.
- As Jehovah commanded Moses, so he numbered them in the wilderness of Sinai. 20. And the children of Reuben, Israel's first-born, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; (Numbers 1:16-20, ASV)
WEB
16. These are those who were called of the congregation, the princes of the tribes of their fathers; they were the heads of the thousands of Israel. 17. Moses and Aaron took these men who are mentioned by name.
18. They assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month; and they declared their ancestry by their families, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, one by one.
- As Yahweh commanded Moses, so he counted them in the wilderness of Sinai. 20. The children of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn, their generations, by their families, by their fathers’ houses, according to the number of the names, one by one, every male from twenty years old and upward, all who were able to go out to war; (Numbers 1:16-20, WEB)
KJV
16. These were the renowned of the congregation, princes of the tribes of their fathers, heads of thousands in Israel. 17. And Moses and Aaron took these men which are expressed by their names:
18. And they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls.
- As the LORD commanded Moses, so he numbered them in the wilderness of Sinai. 20. And the children of Reuben, Israel's eldest son, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; (Numbers 1:16-20, KJV)
YLT
16. These [are] those called of the company, princes of the tribes of their fathers; they [are] heads of the thousands of Israel. 17. And Moses taketh, Aaron also, these men, who were defined by name,
18. and all the company they assembled on the first of the second month, and they declare their births, by their families, by the house of their fathers, in the number of names from a son of twenty years and upward, by their polls,
- as Jehovah hath commanded Moses; and he numbereth them in the wilderness of Sinai. 20. And the sons of Reuben, Israel's first-born, their births, by their families, by the house of their fathers, in the number of names, by their polls, every male from a son of twenty years and upward, every one going out to the host (Numbers 1:16-20, YLT)
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Setting
- Speaker: The narrator, reporting how Moses and Aaron carried out the command of Numbers 1:2.
- Audience: The congregation of Israel, assembled for registration; readers of the Torah.
- Location: The wilderness of Sinai (Numbers 1:19).
- Time period: The first day of the second month of the second year after the Exodus (Numbers 1:1, 1:18); traditionally dated to the 15th or 13th century BC, depending on the Exodus chronology.
Theological reading
Registration runs through the fathers' houses. The people "declared their pedigrees after their families, by their fathers' houses" (Numbers 1:18, ASV). Each man is entered through his father's line into a tribe. That registry later governs the division of the land by tribe (Numbers 26:53-55) and the rights reserved to the house of Aaron and the tribe of Levi (Numbers 3:10).
The obedience is immediate. Numbers 1:1 and 1:18 give the same date, the first day of the second month, so the text presents the assembly as carried out on the day the command was given.
The lineage rule has a stated exception. Numbers 27:8 passes a man's inheritance to his daughter when he has no son, and Numbers 36:6-7 keeps such an inheritance inside the father's tribe. These texts are often brought into debates over how Jesus' descent is reckoned in Matthew and Luke. Numbers itself settles tribal registration and land, not messianic genealogy.
Key words
Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word.
- H0259 - echad, echad, Strong's H0259
- H8034 - shem, shem, Strong's H8034
- H0001 - ab, ab, Strong's H0001
- H1121 - ben, ben, Strong's H1121
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Why these four translations
ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.
The four:
- ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
- WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
- KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
- YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.
See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.