ris3n's Apologetics Codex

Passage

James 4

Book: James · NASB95

Immediate context (±2 verses)

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ASV
  1. Whence come wars and whence come fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your pleasures that war in your members? 2. Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and covet, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war; ye have not, because ye ask not. 3. Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may spend it in your pleasures. 4. Ye adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? Whosoever therefore would be a friend of the world maketh himself an enemy of God. 5. Or think ye that the scripture speaketh in vain? Doth the spirit which he made to dwell in us long unto envying? 6. But he giveth more grace. Wherefore the scripture saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble. 7. Be subject therefore unto God; but resist the devil, and he will flee from you. 8. Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye doubleminded. 9. Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness. 10. Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall exalt you. 11. Speak not one against another, brethren. He that speaketh against a brother, or judgeth his brother, speaketh against the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judgest the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge. 12. One only is the lawgiver and judge, even he who is able to save and to destroy: but who art thou that judgest thy neighbor? 13. Come now, ye that say, To-day or to-morrow we will go into this city, and spend a year there, and trade, and get gain: 14. whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. What is your life? For ye are a vapor, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. 15. For that ye ought to say, If the Lord will, we shall both live, and do this or that. 16. But now ye glory in your vauntings: all such glorying is evil. 17. To him therefore that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin. (James 4:1-17, ASV)
WEB
  1. Where do wars and fightings among you come from? Don’t they come from your pleasures that war in your members? 2. You lust, and don’t have. You murder and covet, and can’t obtain. You fight and make war. You don’t have, because you don’t ask. 3. You ask, and don’t receive, because you ask with wrong motives, so that you may spend it for your pleasures. 4. You adulterers and adulteresses, don’t you know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? Whoever therefore wants to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God. 5. Or do you think that the Scripture says in vain, “The Spirit who lives in us yearns jealously”? 6. But he gives more grace. Therefore it says, “God resists the proud, but gives grace to the humble.” 7. Be subject therefore to God. But resist the devil, and he will flee from you. 8. Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners; and purify your hearts, you double-minded. 9. Lament, mourn, and weep. Let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to gloom. 10. Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he will exalt you. 11. Don’t speak against one another, brothers. He who speaks against a brother and judges his brother, speaks against the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law, but a judge. 12. Only one is the lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you to judge another? 13. Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow let’s go into this city, and spend a year there, trade, and make a profit.” 14. Whereas you don’t know what your life will be like tomorrow. For what is your life? For you are a vapor, that appears for a little time, and then vanishes away. 15. For you ought to say, “If the Lord wills, we will both live, and do this or that.” 16. But now you glory in your boasting. All such boasting is evil. 17. To him therefore who knows to do good, and doesn’t do it, to him it is sin. (James 4:1-17, WEB)
KJV
  1. From whence come wars and fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your lusts that war in your members? fightings: or, brawlings lusts: or, pleasures 2. Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and desire to have, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war, yet ye have not, because ye ask not. 3. Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts. lusts: or, pleasures 4. Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God. 5. Do ye think that the scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy? to envy: or, enviously? to envy: or, enviously 6. But he giveth more grace. Wherefore he saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble. 7. Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. 8. Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye double minded. 9. Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness. 10. Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall lift you up. 11. Speak not evil one of another, brethren. He that speaketh evil of his brother, and judgeth his brother, speaketh evil of the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judge the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge. 12. There is one lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy: who art thou that judgest another? 13. Go to now, ye that say, To day or to morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain: 14. Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. It: or, For it is 15. For that ye ought to say, If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this, or that. 16. But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil. 17. Therefore to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin. (James 4:1-17, KJV)
YLT
  1. Whence [are] wars and fightings among you? not thence, out of your passions, that are as soldiers in your members? 2. ye desire, and ye have not; ye murder, and are zealous, and are not able to attain; ye fight and war, and ye have not, because of your not asking; 3. ye ask, and ye receive not, because evilly ye ask, that in your pleasures ye may spend [it]. 4. Adulterers and adulteresses! have ye not known that friendship of the world is enmity with God? whoever, then, may counsel to be a friend of the world, an enemy of God he is set. 5. Do ye think that emptily the Writing saith, 'To envy earnestly desireth the spirit that did dwell in us,' 6. and greater grace he doth give, wherefore he saith, 'God against proud ones doth set Himself up, and to lowly ones He doth give grace?' 7. be subject, then, to God; stand up against the devil, and he will flee from you; 8. draw nigh to God, and He will draw nigh to you; cleanse hands, ye sinners! and purify hearts, ye two-souled! 9. be exceeding afflicted, and mourn, and weep, let your laughter to mourning be turned, and the joy to heaviness; 10. be made low before the Lord, and He shall exalt you. 11. Speak not one against another, brethren; he who is speaking against a brother, and is judging his brother, doth speak against law, and doth judge law, and if law thou dost judge, thou art not a doer of law but a judge; 12. one is the lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy; thou, who art thou that dost judge the other? 13. Go, now, ye who are saying, 'To-day and to-morrow we will go on to such a city, and will pass there one year, and traffic, and make gain;' 14. who do not know the thing of the morrow; for what is your life? for it is a vapour that is appearing for a little, and then is vanishing; 15. instead of your saying, 'If the Lord may will, we shall live, and do this or that;' 16. and now ye glory in your pride; all such glorying is evil; 17. to him, then, knowing to do good, and not doing, sin it is to him. (James 4:1-17, YLT)

Setting

  • Speaker: James (Iakōbos), identified by the great majority of interpreters as the brother of Jesus (Galatians 1:19; Mark 6:3), leader of the Jerusalem church (Acts 15:13; Acts 21:18). He introduces himself simply as "a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" (James 1:1), never as a relative.
  • Audience: Jewish believers outside Palestine, addressed as "the twelve tribes which are of the Dispersion" (James 1:1). The congregations meet in a synagōgē (James 2:2) and include both poor members and wealthy visitors.
  • Location: Jerusalem, from which James led the mother church.
  • Time period: Date disputed. An early date (c. AD 44-49) would make this the earliest surviving Christian writing; a later one places it before James's death, which Josephus dates to AD 62 (Antiquities 20.200). The letter shows no awareness of the Gentile-circumcision controversy settled in Acts 15, which many take as evidence for the early date.

Theological reading

"Whence come wars and whence come fightings among you?" Chapter 4 continues the contrast between the two wisdoms of 3:13-18 and traces the community's quarrels back to their source.

Desire at war (4:1-3). The fights come "of your pleasures that war in your members" (4:1). The members want what they do not have and cannot get, so they fight. "Ye have not, because ye ask not. Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss" (4:2-3). Desire turned inward cannot even pray rightly.

Friendship with the world (4:4-6). James calls his readers "adulteresses" and says "the friendship of the world is enmity with God" (4:4), using Israel's old picture of covenant unfaithfulness as adultery. Verse 5 is one of the hardest in the letter (see James 4.5). Verse 6 answers it: "But he giveth more grace," and quotes Proverbs 3:34, "God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble."

The call to repent (4:7-10). A run of commands follows: be subject to God, resist the devil, draw nigh to God, cleanse your hands, purify your hearts, be afflicted, mourn, weep, let laughter turn to mourning, and humble yourselves. The promises are paired with them: the devil "will flee from you," God "will draw nigh to you," and "he shall exalt you" (4:10).

Judging and boasting (4:11-17). Speaking against a brother is judging the law, and "One only is the lawgiver and judge" (4:12). Merchants who plan a year of trade forget that "ye are a vapor" (4:14) and should say, "If the Lord will" (4:15). The chapter ends with a general principle: "To him therefore that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin" (4:17).

Key words

Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word.

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Quoted in

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Notes

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Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

  • ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
  • WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
  • KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
  • YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.