ris3n's Apologetics Codex

Passage

Genesis 2.4-3.24

Book: Genesis · NASB95

Immediate context (±2 verses)

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ASV

2. And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 3. And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it he rested from all his work which God had created and made.

4. These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Jehovah God made earth and heaven. 5. And no plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up; for Jehovah God had not caused it to rain upon the earth: and there was not a man to till the ground; 6. but there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. 7. And Jehovah God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. 8. And Jehovah God planted a garden eastward, in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9. And out of the ground made Jehovah God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. 10. And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became four heads. 11. The name of the first is Pishon: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12. and the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. 13. And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Cush. 14. And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth in front of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates. 15. And Jehovah God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. 16. And Jehovah God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: 17. but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. 18. And Jehovah God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help meet for him. 19. And out of the ground Jehovah God formed every beast of the field, and every bird of the heavens; and brought them unto the man to see what he would call them: and whatsoever the man called every living creature, that was the name thereof. 20. And the man gave names to all cattle, and to the birds of the heavens, and to every beast of the field; but for man there was not found a help meet for him. 21. And Jehovah God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof: 22. and the rib, which Jehovah God had taken from the man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. 23. And the man said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. 24. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh. 25. And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed. 3:1. Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which Jehovah God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of any tree of the garden? 3:2. And the woman said unto the serpent, Of the fruit of the trees of the garden we may eat: 3:3. but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. 3:4. And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: 3:5. for God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as God, knowing good and evil. 3:6. And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat; and she gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat. 3:7. And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig -leaves together, and made themselves aprons. 3:8. And they heard the voice of Jehovah God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of Jehovah God amongst the trees of the garden. 3:9. And Jehovah God called unto the man, and said unto him, Where art thou? 3:10. And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself. 3:11. And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat? 3:12. And the man said, The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat. 3:13. And Jehovah God said unto the woman, What is this thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat. 3:14. And Jehovah God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, cursed art thou above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: 3:15. and I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed: he shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. 3:16. Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy conception; in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. 3:17. And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; 3:18. thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; 3:19. in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. 3:20. And the man called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. 3:21. And Jehovah God made for Adam and for his wife coats of skins, and clothed them. 3:22. And Jehovah God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever, 3:23. therefore Jehovah God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. 3:24. So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden the Cherubim, and the flame of a sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life. (Genesis 2:2-3:24, ASV)

WEB

2. On the seventh day God finished his work which he had done; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done. 3. God blessed the seventh day, and made it holy, because he rested in it from all his work of creation which he had done.

4. This is the history of the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Yahweh God made the earth and the heavens. 5. No plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up; for Yahweh God had not caused it to rain on the earth. There was not a man to till the ground, 6. but a mist went up from the earth, and watered the whole surface of the ground. 7. Yahweh God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. 8. Yahweh God planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9. Out of the ground Yahweh God made every tree to grow that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food, including the tree of life in the middle of the garden and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. 10. A river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it was parted, and became the source of four rivers. 11. The name of the first is Pishon: it flows through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12. and the gold of that land is good. Bdellium and onyx stone are also there. 13. The name of the second river is Gihon. It is the same river that flows through the whole land of Cush. 14. The name of the third river is Hiddekel. This is the one which flows in front of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates. 15. Yahweh God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it. 16. Yahweh God commanded the man, saying, “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden; 17. but you shall not eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; for in the day that you eat of it, you will surely die.” 18. Yahweh God said, “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make him a helper comparable to him.” 19. Out of the ground Yahweh God formed every animal of the field, and every bird of the sky, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them. Whatever the man called every living creature became its name. 20. The man gave names to all livestock, and to the birds of the sky, and to every animal of the field; but for man there was not found a helper comparable to him. 21. Yahweh God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep. As the man slept, he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in its place. 22. Yahweh God made a woman from the rib which he had taken from the man, and brought her to the man. 23. The man said, “This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. She will be called ‘woman,’ because she was taken out of Man.” 24. Therefore a man will leave his father and his mother, and will join with his wife, and they will be one flesh. 25. The man and his wife were both naked, and they were not ashamed. 3:1. Now the serpent was more subtle than any animal of the field which Yahweh God had made. He said to the woman, “Has God really said, ‘You shall not eat of any tree of the garden?’” 3:2. The woman said to the serpent, “We may eat fruit from the trees of the garden, 3:3. but not the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden. God has said, ‘You shall not eat of it. You shall not touch it, lest you die.’” 3:4. The serpent said to the woman, “You won’t surely die, 3:5. for God knows that in the day you eat it, your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.” 3:6. When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took some of its fruit, and ate; and she gave some to her husband with her, and he ate it, too. 3:7. Their eyes were opened, and they both knew that they were naked. They sewed fig leaves together, and made coverings for themselves. 3:8. They heard Yahweh God’s voice walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of Yahweh God among the trees of the garden. 3:9. Yahweh God called to the man, and said to him, “Where are you?” 3:10. The man said, “I heard your voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself.” 3:11. God said, “Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?” 3:12. The man said, “The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate it.” 3:13. Yahweh God said to the woman, “What have you done?” The woman said, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.” 3:14. Yahweh God said to the serpent, “Because you have done this, you are cursed above all livestock, and above every animal of the field. You shall go on your belly and you shall eat dust all the days of your life. 3:15. I will put hostility between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring. He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel.” 3:16. To the woman he said, “I will greatly multiply your pain in childbirth. In pain you will bear children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.” 3:17. To Adam he said, “Because you have listened to your wife’s voice, and ate from the tree, about which I commanded you, saying, ‘You shall not eat of it,’ the ground is cursed for your sake. You will eat from it with much labor all the days of your life. 3:18. It will yield thorns and thistles to you; and you will eat the herb of the field. 3:19. By the sweat of your face will you eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken. For you are dust, and to dust you shall return.” 3:20. The man called his wife Eve because she would be the mother of all the living. 3:21. Yahweh God made coats of animal skins for Adam and for his wife, and clothed them. 3:22. Yahweh God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil. Now, lest he reach out his hand, and also take of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever...” 3:23. Therefore Yahweh God sent him out from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from which he was taken. 3:24. So he drove out the man; and he placed cherubim at the east of the garden of Eden, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to guard the way to the tree of life. (Genesis 2:2-3:24, WEB)

KJV

2. And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 3. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made. created: Heb. created to make

4. These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens, 5. And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. 6. But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. there: or, a mist which went up from, etc. 7. And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. of the dust: Heb. dust of the ground 8. And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9. And out of the ground made the LORD God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. 10. And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. 11. The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12. And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. 13. And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia. Ethiopia: Heb. Cush 14. And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates. toward: or, eastward to Assyria 15. And the LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. the man: or, Adam 16. And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: thou: Heb. eating thou shalt eat 17. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. thou shalt surely: Heb. dying thou shalt die 18. And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. meet: Heb. as before him 19. And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. Adam: or, the man 20. And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him. gave: Heb. called 21. And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; 22. And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. made: Heb. builded 23. And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Woman: Heb. Isha Man: Heb. Ish 24. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh. 25. And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed. 3:1. Now the serpent was more subtil than any beast of the field which the LORD God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? Yea: Heb. Yea, because, etc. 3:2. And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: 3:3. But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. 3:4. And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: 3:5. For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. 3:6. And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. pleasant: Heb. a desire 3:7. And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. aprons: or, things to gird about 3:8. And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden. cool: Heb. wind 3:9. And the LORD God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou? 3:10. And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself. 3:11. And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat? 3:12. And the man said, The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat. 3:13. And the LORD God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat. 3:14. And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: 3:15. And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. 3:16. Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. to thy: or, subject to thy husband 3:17. And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; 3:18. Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; bring: Heb. cause to bud 3:19. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. 3:20. And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. Eve: Heb. Chavah: that is Living 3:21. Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins, and clothed them. 3:22. And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever: 3:23. Therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. 3:24. So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life. (Genesis 2:2-3:24, KJV)

YLT

2. and God completeth by the seventh day His work which He hath made, and ceaseth by the seventh day from all His work which He hath made. 3. And God blesseth the seventh day, and sanctifieth it, for in it He hath ceased from all His work which God had prepared for making.

4. These [are] births of the heavens and of the earth in their being prepared, in the day of Jehovah God's making earth and heavens; 5. and no shrub of the field is yet in the earth, and no herb of the field yet sprouteth, for Jehovah God hath not rained upon the earth, and a man there is not to serve the ground, 6. and a mist goeth up from the earth, and hath watered the whole face of the ground. 7. And Jehovah God formeth the man, dust from the ground, and breatheth into his nostrils breath of life, and the man becometh a living creature. 8. And Jehovah God planteth a garden in Eden, at the east, and He setteth there the man whom He hath formed; 9. and Jehovah God causeth to sprout from the ground every tree desirable for appearance, and good for food, and the tree of life in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. 10. And a river is going out from Eden to water the garden, and from thence it is parted, and hath become four chief [rivers]; 11. the name of the one [is] Pison, it [is] that which is surrounding the whole land of the Havilah where the gold [is], 12. and the gold of that land [is] good, there [is] the bdolach and the shoham stone; 13. and the name of the second river [is] Gibon, it [is] that which is surrounding the whole land of Cush; 14. and the name of the third river [is] Hiddekel, it [is] that which is going east of Asshur; and the fourth river is Phrat. 15. And Jehovah God taketh the man, and causeth him to rest in the garden of Eden, to serve it, and to keep it. 16. And Jehovah God layeth a charge on the man, saying, 'Of every tree of the garden eating thou dost eat; 17. and of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, thou dost not eat of it, for in the day of thine eating of it, dying thou dost die.' 18. And Jehovah God saith, 'Not good for the man to be alone, I do make to him an helper, as his counterpart.' 19. And Jehovah God formeth from the ground every beast of the field, and every fowl of the heavens, and bringeth in unto the man, to see what he doth call it; and whatever the man calleth a living creature, that [is] its name. 20. And the man calleth names to all the cattle, and to fowl of the heavens, and to every beast of the field; and to man hath not been found an helper, as his counterpart. 21. And Jehovah God causeth a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he sleepeth, and He taketh one of his ribs, and closeth up flesh in its stead. 22. And Jehovah God buildeth up the rib which He hath taken out of the man into a woman, and bringeth her in unto the man; 23. and the man saith, 'This [is] the [proper] step! bone of my bone, and flesh of my flesh!' for this it is called Woman, for from a man hath this been taken; 24. therefore doth a man leave his father and his mother, and hath cleaved unto his wife, and they have become one flesh. 25. And they are both of them naked, the man and his wife, and they are not ashamed of themselves. 3:1. And the serpent hath been subtile above every beast of the field which Jehovah God hath made, and he saith unto the woman, 'Is it true that God hath said, Ye do not eat of every tree of the garden?' 3:2. And the woman saith unto the serpent, 'Of the fruit of the trees of the garden we do eat, 3:3. and of the fruit of the tree which [is] in the midst of the garden God hath said, Ye do not eat of it, nor touch it, lest ye die.' 3:4. And the serpent saith unto the woman, 'Dying, ye do not die, 3:5. for God doth know that in the day of your eating of it, your eyes have been opened, and ye have been as God, knowing good and evil.' 3:6. And the woman seeth that the tree [is] good for food, and that it [is] pleasant to the eyes, and the tree is desirable to make [one] wise, and she taketh of its fruit and eateth, and giveth also to her husband with her, and he doth eat; 3:7. and the eyes of them both are opened, and they know that they [are] naked, and they sew fig-leaves, and make to themselves girdles. 3:8. And they hear the sound of Jehovah God walking up and down in the garden at the breeze of the day, and the man and his wife hide themselves from the face of Jehovah God in the midst of the trees of the garden. 3:9. And Jehovah God calleth unto the man, and saith to him, 'Where [art] thou?' 3:10. and he saith, 'Thy sound I have heard in the garden, and I am afraid, for I am naked, and I hide myself.' 3:11. And He saith, 'Who hath declared to thee that thou [art] naked? of the tree of which I have commanded thee not to eat, hast thou eaten?' 3:12. and the man saith, 'The woman whom Thou didst place with me, she hath given to me of the tree, and I do eat.' 3:13. And Jehovah God saith to the woman, 'What [is] this thou hast done?' and the woman saith, 'The serpent hath caused me to forget, and I do eat.' 3:14. And Jehovah God saith unto the serpent, 'Because thou hast done this, cursed [art] thou above all the cattle, and above every beast of the field: on thy belly dost thou go, and dust thou dost eat, all days of thy life; 3:15. and enmity I put between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; he doth bruise thee, the head, and thou dost bruise him, the heel.' 3:16. Unto the woman He said, 'Multiplying I multiply thy sorrow and thy conception, in sorrow dost thou bear children, and toward thy husband [is] thy desire, and he doth rule over thee.' 3:17. And to the man He said, 'Because thou hast hearkened to the voice of thy wife, and dost eat of the tree concerning which I have charged thee, saying, Thou dost not eat of it, cursed [is] the ground on thine account; in sorrow thou dost eat of it all days of thy life, 3:18. and thorn and bramble it doth bring forth to thee, and thou hast eaten the herb of the field; 3:19. by the sweat of thy face thou dost eat bread till thy return unto the ground, for out of it hast thou been taken, for dust thou [art], and unto dust thou turnest back.' 3:20. And the man calleth his wife's name Eve: for she hath been mother of all living. 3:21. And Jehovah God doth make to the man and to his wife coats of skin, and doth clothe them. 3:22. And Jehovah God saith, 'Lo, the man was as one of Us, as to the knowledge of good and evil; and now, lest he send forth his hand, and have taken also of the tree of life, and eaten, and lived to the age,' 3:23. Jehovah God sendeth him forth from the garden of Eden to serve the ground from which he hath been taken; 3:24. yea, he casteth out the man, and causeth to dwell at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubs and the flame of the sword which is turning itself round to guard the way of the tree of life. (Genesis 2:2-3:24, YLT)

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Theological reading

Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added.

Key words

Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word.

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Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

  • ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
  • WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
  • KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
  • YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.