Passage
Genesis 1.3-2.3
Book: Genesis · NASB95
Immediate context (±2 verses)
ASV
- In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2. And the earth was waste and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep: and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
3. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. 4. And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. 5. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day. 6. And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 7. And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8. And God called the firmament Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day. 9. And God said, Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. 10. And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. 11. And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. 12. And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. 13. And there was evening and there was morning, a third day. 14. And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years: 15. and let them be for lights in the firmament of heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. 16. And God made the two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17. And God set them in the firmament of heaven to give light upon the earth, 18. and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. 19. And there was evening and there was morning, a fourth day. 20. And God said, Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. 21. And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living creature that moveth, wherewith the waters swarmed, after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind: and God saw that it was good. 22. And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth. 23. And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day. 24. And God said, Let the earth bring forth living creatures after their kind, cattle, and creeping things, and beasts of the earth after their kind: and it was so. 25. And God made the beasts of the earth after their kind, and the cattle after their kind, and everything that creepeth upon the ground after its kind: and God saw that it was good. 26. And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. 27. And God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. 28. And God blessed them: and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth. 29. And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for food: 30. and to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to everything that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for food: and it was so. 31. And God saw everything that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day. 2:1. And the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2:2. And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 2:3. And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it he rested from all his work which God had created and made.
2:4. These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Jehovah God made earth and heaven. 2:5. And no plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up; for Jehovah God had not caused it to rain upon the earth: and there was not a man to till the ground; (Genesis 1:1-2:5, ASV)
WEB
- In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. 2. The earth was formless and empty. Darkness was on the surface of the deep and God’s Spirit was hovering over the surface of the waters.
3. God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4. God saw the light, and saw that it was good. God divided the light from the darkness. 5. God called the light “day”, and the darkness he called “night”. There was evening and there was morning, the first day. 6. God said, “Let there be an expanse in the middle of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” 7. God made the expanse, and divided the waters which were under the expanse from the waters which were above the expanse; and it was so. 8. God called the expanse “sky”. There was evening and there was morning, a second day. 9. God said, “Let the waters under the sky be gathered together to one place, and let the dry land appear”; and it was so. 10. God called the dry land “earth”, and the gathering together of the waters he called “seas”. God saw that it was good. 11. God said, “Let the earth yield grass, herbs yielding seeds, and fruit trees bearing fruit after their kind, with their seeds in it, on the earth”; and it was so. 12. The earth yielded grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, with their seeds in it, after their kind; and God saw that it was good. 13. There was evening and there was morning, a third day. 14. God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs to mark seasons, days, and years; 15. and let them be for lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth”; and it was so. 16. God made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He also made the stars. 17. God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light to the earth, 18. and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness. God saw that it was good. 19. There was evening and there was morning, a fourth day. 20. God said, “Let the waters abound with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the sky.” 21. God created the large sea creatures and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed, after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind. God saw that it was good. 22. God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.” 23. There was evening and there was morning, a fifth day. 24. God said, “Let the earth produce living creatures after their kind, livestock, creeping things, and animals of the earth after their kind”; and it was so. 25. God made the animals of the earth after their kind, and the livestock after their kind, and everything that creeps on the ground after its kind. God saw that it was good. 26. God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the sky, and over the livestock, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” 27. God created man in his own image. In God’s image he created him; male and female he created them. 28. God blessed them. God said to them, “Be fruitful, multiply, fill the earth, and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the sky, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.” 29. God said, “Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree, which bears fruit yielding seed. It will be your food. 30. To every animal of the earth, and to every bird of the sky, and to everything that creeps on the earth, in which there is life, I have given every green herb for food;” and it was so. 31. God saw everything that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. There was evening and there was morning, a sixth day. 2:1. The heavens, the earth, and all their vast array were finished. 2:2. On the seventh day God finished his work which he had done; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done. 2:3. God blessed the seventh day, and made it holy, because he rested in it from all his work of creation which he had done.
2:4. This is the history of the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Yahweh God made the earth and the heavens. 2:5. No plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up; for Yahweh God had not caused it to rain on the earth. There was not a man to till the ground, (Genesis 1:1-2:5, WEB)
KJV
- In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
3. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. 4. And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. the light from: Heb. between the light and between the darkness 5. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. And the evening: Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was 6. And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. firmament: Heb. expansion 7. And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8. And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day. 9. And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. 10. And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. 11. And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. grass: Heb. tender grass 12. And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 13. And the evening and the morning were the third day. 14. And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: the day: Heb. between the day and between the night 15. And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so. 16. And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. to rule the day: Heb. for the rule of the day, etc. 17. And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, 18. And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. 19. And the evening and the morning were the fourth day. 20. And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. moving: or, creeping life: Heb. soul fowl: Heb. let fowl fly open: Heb. face of the firmament of heaven 21. And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 22. And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. 23. And the evening and the morning were the fifth day. 24. And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. 25. And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good. 26. And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. 27. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. 28. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth. moveth: Heb. creepeth 29. And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat. bearing: Heb. seeding seed yielding: Heb. seeding seed 30. And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so. life: Heb. a living soul 31. And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day. 2:1. Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2:2. And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 2:3. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made. created: Heb. created to make
2:4. These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens, 2:5. And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. (Genesis 1:1-2:5, KJV)
YLT
- In the beginning of God's preparing the heavens and the earth 2. the earth hath existed waste and void, and darkness [is] on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God fluttering on the face of the waters,
3. and God saith, 'Let light be;' and light is. 4. And God seeth the light that [it is] good, and God separateth between the light and the darkness, 5. and God calleth to the light 'Day,' and to the darkness He hath called 'Night;' and there is an evening, and there is a morning, day one. 6. And God saith, 'Let an expanse be in the midst of the waters, and let it be separating between waters and waters.' 7. And God maketh the expanse, and it separateth between the waters which [are] under the expanse, and the waters which [are] above the expanse: and it is so. 8. And God calleth to the expanse 'Heavens;' and there is an evening, and there is a morning, day second. 9. And God saith, 'Let the waters under the heavens be collected unto one place, and let the dry land be seen:' and it is so. 10. And God calleth to the dry land 'Earth,' and to the collection of the waters He hath called 'Seas;' and God seeth that [it is] good. 11. And God saith, 'Let the earth yield tender grass, herb sowing seed, fruit-tree (whose seed [is] in itself) making fruit after its kind, on the earth:' and it is so. 12. And the earth bringeth forth tender grass, herb sowing seed after its kind, and tree making fruit (whose seed [is] in itself) after its kind; and God seeth that [it is] good; 13. and there is an evening, and there is a morning, day third. 14. And God saith, 'Let luminaries be in the expanse of the heavens, to make a separation between the day and the night, then they have been for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years, 15. and they have been for luminaries in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth:' and it is so. 16. And God maketh the two great luminaries, the great luminary for the rule of the day, and the small luminary, and the stars, for the rule of the night; 17. and God giveth them in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth, 18. and to rule over day and over night, and to make a separation between the light and the darkness; and God seeth that [it is] good; 19. and there is an evening, and there is a morning, day fourth. 20. And God saith, 'Let the waters teem with the teeming living creature, and fowl let fly on the earth on the face of the expanse of the heavens.' 21. And God prepareth the great monsters, and every living creature that is creeping, which the waters have teemed with, after their kind, and every fowl with wing, after its kind, and God seeth that [it is] good. 22. And God blesseth them, saying, 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and the fowl let multiply in the earth:' 23. and there is an evening, and there is a morning, day fifth. 24. And God saith, 'Let the earth bring forth the living creature after its kind, cattle and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after its kind:' and it is so. 25. And God maketh the beast of the earth after its kind, and the cattle after their kind, and every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, and God seeth that [it is] good. 26. And God saith, 'Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness, and let them rule over fish of the sea, and over fowl of the heavens, and over cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that is creeping on the earth.' 27. And God prepareth the man in His image; in the image of God He prepared him, a male and a female He prepared them. 28. And God blesseth them, and God saith to them, 'Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it, and rule over fish of the sea, and over fowl of the heavens, and over every living thing that is creeping upon the earth.' 29. And God saith, 'Lo, I have given to you every herb sowing seed, which [is] upon the face of all the earth, and every tree in which [is] the fruit of a tree sowing seed, to you it is for food; 30. and to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the heavens, and to every creeping thing on the earth, in which [is] breath of life, every green herb [is] for food:' and it is so. 31. And God seeth all that He hath done, and lo, very good; and there is an evening, and there is a morning, day the sixth. 2:1. And the heavens and the earth are completed, and all their host; 2:2. and God completeth by the seventh day His work which He hath made, and ceaseth by the seventh day from all His work which He hath made. 2:3. And God blesseth the seventh day, and sanctifieth it, for in it He hath ceased from all His work which God had prepared for making.
2:4. These [are] births of the heavens and of the earth in their being prepared, in the day of Jehovah God's making earth and heavens; 2:5. and no shrub of the field is yet in the earth, and no herb of the field yet sprouteth, for Jehovah God hath not rained upon the earth, and a man there is not to serve the ground, (Genesis 1:1-2:5, YLT)
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Setting
- Speaker: TBD
- Audience: TBD
- Location: TBD
- Time period: TBD
Theological reading
Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added.
Key words
Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word.
- TBD
- TBD
- TBD
- TBD
Quoted in
Arguments and defeaters:
- 100 Questions for Evolutionists, via Genesis 1.1
- AI Consciousness Proves Mind Is Computation (Defeater), via Genesis 1.27
- All-Do-Good World POE Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Animal Sacrifice Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.24-25, Genesis 1.31
- Anselms Four-Dimensionalist Eternity, via Genesis 1.1
- Anthropology Defeats Christianity Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Anthropology vs Epistemology Priority Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Aquinas Five Ways, via Genesis 1.1
- Argument from Consciousness, via Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Argument from Cosmology (Guillen), via Genesis 1.1
- Argument from Epistemic Normativity, via Genesis 1.27
- Argument from Love, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Argument from Neuroscience (Guillen), via Genesis 1.26-27
- Argument from Origin of Life, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.11-12, Genesis 1.20-25
- Argument from Purpose Meaning and Hope, via Genesis 1.27
- Argument from Reason, via Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Argument from the Confession-Catharsis Convergence, via Genesis 1
- Argument from the Creation of Time, via Genesis 1.1
- Argument from the Genetic Code, via Genesis 1.1
- Argument from the Holy-Place Convergence, via Genesis 1
- Argument from the Impossibility of an Actual Infinite Past, via Genesis 1.1
- Argument from the Information-Conservation Convergence, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Argument from the Mirror-Recognition Convergence, via Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Argument from the Naming Convergence, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-28, Genesis 1.5
- Argument from the One-and-the-Many Convergence, via Genesis 1.27
- Argument from the Pre-Given Logos, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.3
- Argument from the Question-Asking Asymmetry, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.28
- Argument from the Reliability of Reason, via Genesis 1.27
- Argument from the Suns Origin, via Genesis 1.14-18, Genesis 1.16
- Argument from the Trans-Instinctual Agency Convergence, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-28, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.28
- Argument from the Universal Imagination Convergence, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Argument from the Universal Worship Convergence, via Genesis 1.27
- Argument from the Unlivability of Nihilism, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Argument from Thermodynamics, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Atheism Cannot Justify Compassion, via Genesis 1.27
- Atheism Moral Neutrality Failure, via Genesis 1.27
- Atheism Promotes Hatred Lies and Self-Idolatry, via Genesis 1.27
- Atheist Moral Realism Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Bible Contradictions Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1
- Bible Scientific Errors Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.31
- Biblical Sexual Ethics Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.27
- Biblical Slavery Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Biogenesis Argument, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.11-12, Genesis 1.11-25, Genesis 1.20-25
- Born This Way Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Build the Cosmological Argument, via Genesis 1.1
- Cains Wife Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.22, Genesis 1.28
- Cambrian Explosion Argument, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.20-25, Genesis 1.21
- Carbon-14 in Deep-Time Specimens Argument, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Cartesian Skeptical Argument and Christian Responses, via Genesis 1.27
- Chirality Argument, via Genesis 1.11-12
- Christian God is the Only True God, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Christianity Is the White Mans Religion Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.27
- Christians Behaving Badly Defeater, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Common Design vs Common Descent Argument, via Genesis 1.11-12, Genesis 1.20-25
- Contingency Argument, via Genesis 1.1
- Convergent Evolution as Design Signal Argument, via Genesis 1.20-25
- Cosmic Dictator Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Cosmic Insignificance Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.14-16
- Cumulative Case for the Deity of Christ, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26
- Edge of Evolution Argument, via Genesis 1.20-25
- Elohim Is a Divine Council Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.27
- Evidential Problem of Evil Defeater, via Genesis 1.31
- Evil as Privation of Good, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.10, Genesis 1.12, Genesis 1.18, Genesis 1.21, Genesis 1.25, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31, Genesis 1.4
- Evolution and Empathy Ground Morality (Defeater), via Genesis 1.27
- Fine-Tuning Argument, via Genesis 1.1
- First Way - Motion, via Genesis 1.1
- Fitness Beats Truth Argument, via Genesis 1.27
- Flood Genocide Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1
- Folded Strata Without Fracturing Argument, via Genesis 1
- Free Will Argument from Love, via Genesis 1.27
- Genesis ANE Myth Borrowing Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.16, Genesis 1.21, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-28, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31
- God Created Satan Knowing He Would Rebel Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.31
- God Lied About the 120 Year Lifespan Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1
- God of the Gaps Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.1
- God Showed No Love in Eden Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1
- Harm-Reduction Cannot Ground Morality (Defeater), via Genesis 1.27
- Hell as Eternal Torment Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Hominin Foot and Big Toe Transition Argument, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Hypatia Murder Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Information Argument, via Genesis 1.1
- Interdependency Argument, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.11-25
- Irreducible Complexity Argument, via Genesis 1.20-25
- Islamic Sex Slavery Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1
- Jonah Swallowed By A Whale Fiction Defeater, via Genesis 1.20-21, Genesis 1.21
- Kalam Cosmological Argument, via Genesis 1.1
- Kantian Ethics Without God Defeater, via Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.27
- Marine Fossils on Mountains Argument, via Genesis 1
- Mathematics Requires Christian Theism, via Genesis 1.27
- Miller-Urey Reframe Argument, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.11-12, Genesis 1.20-25
- Misogyny in the Bible Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.27-28
- Modal Argument from Mind, via Genesis 1.27
- Moral Anti-Realism Defeater, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Moral Argument, via Genesis 1.27
- Moses Did Not Write the Torah Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1
- Most of the World Was Colonized by Christians Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Mutah Temporary Marriage Contradiction Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.27
- Nag Hammadi Suppressed Gospels Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1
- Necessary Being is an Intelligent Mind, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26-27
- Nietzsche Concedes Problem of Evil, via Genesis 1.27
- Orphan Genes Argument, via Genesis 1.20-25, Genesis 1.24-25, Genesis 1.26-27
- OT Polytheism Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26-27
- Phylogenetic Incongruence Argument, via Genesis 1.11-12, Genesis 1.20-25
- Population Genetics for Historical Adam Argument, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.27
- Problem of Evil, Free Will Defense, via Genesis 1.27
- Protein Sequence Space Argument, via Genesis 1.27
- Rape Only Condemned When Unmarried Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.27
- Religion Causes Violence Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Ritual Purity Laws Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1
- RNA World Failure Argument, via Genesis 1.11-12, Genesis 1.20-25
- Second Way - Efficient Causality, via Genesis 1.1
- Signature in the Cell Argument, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.11-12
- Six Day Creation Falsified Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.14, Genesis 1.14-19, Genesis 1.2, Genesis 1.31, Genesis 1.5
- Soft Tissue in Dinosaur Fossils Argument, via Genesis 1.24-25
- Stroud Objection to Transcendental Arguments Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Third Way - Contingency, via Genesis 1.1
- Top 20 Adam and Eve Objections and Their Defeaters, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.27
- Top 25 Reasons We Do Not Share a Common Ancestor With Apes, via Genesis 1.27
- Tower of Babel Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.28
- Tree of Knowledge Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-27
- Trinity Violates the Shema Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26
- Underage and Non-Consensual Marriage Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Unitarian Oneness Binitarian Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26
- Vestigial Organs and Anatomy Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.31
- Where Was God During Slavery Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Why Didnt God Ban Slavery Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1.27
- Why Doesnt God Stop Satan Objection Defeater, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-28
Concepts:
- 100 Common Questions, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.2
- 20 Arguments for Old Earth, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- A Quick-Glance Guide to Aquinas Five Ways, via Genesis 1.1
- Abiogenesis Under the Microscope, via Genesis 1.1
- Abortion, via Genesis 1.27
- Access and Phenomenal Consciousness, via Genesis 1.27
- Ad-Hoc Rescue, via Genesis 1
- Adam and Eve Historicity, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Age of the Universe, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Animal Sacrifice Objection, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.24-25, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31
- Anthropology and Ethics, via Genesis 1.27
- Anti-Muslim Polemic Quality-Control, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Are There Other Gods, via Genesis 1.1
- Atheism, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.28
- Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Bible and Hermeneutics, via Genesis 1
- Bible Anticipates Science, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.21
- Bible Contradictions Objection, via Genesis 1
- Bible Scientific Errors Objection, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.31, Genesis 1.6-8
- Biblical Dignity, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Biblical Goodness, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.31
- Biblical Sexual Ethics Objection, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31
- Biblical Stewardship, via Genesis 1.28
- Big Bang, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.2
- Black People Shouldnt Be Christian, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Borde-Guth-Vilenkin Theorem, via Genesis 1.1
- Cains Wife Objection, via Genesis 1
- Cambrian Explosion, via Genesis 1
- Causal Principle, via Genesis 1.1
- Chattel Slavery vs Biblical Servitude, via Genesis 1.27
- Christian Abolitionist Movement, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Christianity, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.27
- Christianity in Africa, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Christians Behaving Badly, via Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Common Descent Critique, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-27
- Concupiscence, via Genesis 1.27
- Conditional Immortality, via Genesis 1.31
- Confirmation Bias, via Genesis 1
- Consciousness, via Genesis 1.27
- Cosmic Microwave Background, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.3
- Cosmological Arguments, via Genesis 1.1
- Criticcom Bible Software, A Response, via Genesis 1
- Death Before the Fall, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.22, Genesis 1.28, Genesis 1.29, Genesis 1.29-30, Genesis 1.29-31, Genesis 1.30, Genesis 1.31
- Defining Chattel Slavery and Biblical Servitude, via Genesis 1.27
- Divine Conservationism, via Genesis 1.11, Genesis 1.24
- Divine Gender Polarity and Feminine Imagery, via Genesis 1.2, Genesis 1.27
- DNA, via Genesis 1.1
- Documentary Hypothesis, via Genesis 1
- Edge of Evolution, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.24-25, Genesis 1.24-26, Genesis 1.26
- Endogenous Retroviruses, via Genesis 1
- Eternity (Divine), via Genesis 1.1
- Evolution, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Expansion of the Universe, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.6, Genesis 1.6-8
- Flood Genocide Objection, via Genesis 1
- Flood Geology, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.31
- Free Will and Determinism, via Genesis 1.27
- Genesis ANE Myth Borrowing Objection, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26-28, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31
- Genesis Hermeneutics, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.14-18, Genesis 1.14-19, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.3, Genesis 1.31, Genesis 1.5
- Genesis Interpretation Spread, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.2, Genesis 1.3
- God is Impossible Paradox Cluster, via Genesis 1.31
- God of the Gaps, via Genesis 1.1
- God Showed No Love in Eden Objection, via Genesis 1
- Gospel, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.27
- Hell and Eternal Punishment, via Genesis 1.27
- Hexaemeron Tradition, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.1-2
- Human Chromosome 2 Fusion, via Genesis 1
- I Can Do Good Without God Objection, via Genesis 1.27
- Idealism, via Genesis 1.1
- Imago Dei, via Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- Inerrancy, via Genesis 1
- Information Argument for Design, via Genesis 1.1
- Irreducible Complexity, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.31
- Isaiah 45.7 I Create Evil, via Genesis 1.31
- Israelite Monotheism, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.27
- It from Bit, via Genesis 1
- Kingdom Business, via Genesis 1.28
- Law of Biogenesis, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Laws of the Universe as Witness to Design, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.16, Genesis 1.2, Genesis 1.3, Genesis 1.31, Genesis 1.6-10
- Lesson 4.6, Bible Reliability and the Skeptical Critique, via Genesis 1
- Light of Day 1, Christological Reading, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.1-3, Genesis 1.14, Genesis 1.14-19, Genesis 1.2-3, Genesis 1.3, Genesis 1.3-5
- Logos Christology, via Genesis 1
- Marriage, via Genesis 1.27
- Methodological Naturalism, via Genesis 1.1
- Misogyny in the Bible Objection, via Genesis 1.27
- Moral Arguments, via Genesis 1.27
- Moralistic Fallacy, via Genesis 1.31
- Multiverse, via Genesis 1.1
- New Age Spiritualism, via Genesis 1.1
- Occasionalism, via Genesis 1.11, Genesis 1.24
- Old Earth Creationism, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.2
- Old Testament Christology, via Genesis 1
- Old Testament Difficult Texts, via Genesis 1
- Old Testament Witness to the Deity of Christ, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26
- Oneness Pentecostalism, via Genesis 1.26
- Origins and Cosmology
- Origins and Science, via Genesis 1
- Origins Arguments, via Genesis 1
- Orphan Genes, via Genesis 1.24-25, Genesis 1.24-26, Genesis 1.26-27
- OT Polytheism Objection, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- OT Sexual-Violence Laws, via Genesis 1.27
- OT vs NT God Objection, via Genesis 1
- Pantheism, via Genesis 1.1
- Papal Bulls and Slavery, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Paraclete, Identity and Recipients, via Genesis 1.2
- PaRDeS, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26
- Pneumatology, via Genesis 1.2
- Polytheism, via Genesis 1
- Population Genetics YEC, via Genesis 1
- Preaching to Non-Believers, via Genesis 1
- Privation, via Genesis 1.31
- Pro-Life Premise-Based Argument, via Genesis 1.27
- Process Theism, via Genesis 1.1
- Reincarnation, via Genesis 1.27
- Relation (Thomist Metaphysics), via Genesis 1.26
- Religion Causes Violence Objection, via Genesis 1.27
- Resurrection of the Body, via Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31
- Second Law of Thermodynamics, via Genesis 1.31
- Sin, via Genesis 1.27
- Slave Bible, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Soul, via Genesis 1.20-21, Genesis 1.27
- Soul and Spirit, Origin and Awareness, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.20
- Stellar Nucleosynthesis, via Genesis 1
- Substance Dualism, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Tawhid, via Genesis 1.26
- Teleological Arguments, via Genesis 1.1
- Theistic Evolution, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.26-28
- Tower of Babel Objection, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.28
- Tree of Knowledge Objection, via Genesis 1
- Trinity, via Genesis 1.2, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.5
- Trinity Common Objections, via Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.5
- Trinity OT Stack (Five Texts), via Genesis 1.2, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.3
- Trinity Plural-Hebrew-Noun Stack, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-27
- Two Powers in Heaven, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26
- Underage and Non-Consensual Marriage Objection, via Genesis 1.27
- Verses on Gods Goodness and Human Worth, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Water and Life, via Genesis 1.2, Genesis 1.6-10
- Water Older Than the Sun, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1-2, Genesis 1.14-19, Genesis 1.2
- Women in Ministry, via Genesis 1
- Young Earth Creationism, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.31
- Young's Literal Translation, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.2
- Zero and the Metaphysics of Nothing, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.31
People:
- Bede the Venerable, via Genesis 1
- Bonaventure, via Genesis 1
- Charles Darwin, via Genesis 1.27
- David Hume, via Genesis 1.27
- Francis Collins, via Genesis 1
- Frederick Douglass, via Genesis 1.26-27
- Gerald Schroeder, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.3
- Gersonides, via Genesis 1
- Henri Blocher, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.14-19
- Henry Morris, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.2
- Hugh Ross, via Genesis 1
- J.P. Moreland, via Genesis 1.27
- John Currid, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1-11
- John Lennox, via Genesis 1
- John Paul II, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.27
- John Walton, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.2
- John Wheeler, via Genesis 1
- Ken Ham, via Genesis 1
- Maimonides, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Mark Smith, via Genesis 1
- Meredith Kline, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.14-19
- Michael Heiser, via Genesis 1.26
- Nachmanides, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Philo of Alexandria, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- Plato, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.31
- William Wilberforce, via Genesis 1.27
Lexicon:
- G0746 - arche, via Genesis 1.1
- G1096 - ginomai, via Genesis 1
- G1504 - eikon, via Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- G2435 - hilasterion, via Genesis 1.27
- G2889 - kosmos, via Genesis 1.1
- G2937 - ktisis, via Genesis 1
- G3004 - lego, via Genesis 1.3
- G3056 - logos, via Genesis 1.3
- G3667 - homoioma, via Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27
- G4893 - syneidesis, via Genesis 1.27
- G4983 - soma, via Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31
- G5020 - tartaroo, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.2
- H0120 - adam, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.26-31, Genesis 1.27
- H0259 - echad, via Genesis 1.5
- H0410 - el, via Genesis 1.1
- H0430 - elohim, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.26
- H1254 - bara, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.3
- H1285 - berith, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1
- H1697 - dabar, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.3-31
- H1823 - demuth, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-27
- H1961 - hayah, via Genesis 1.14, Genesis 1.15, Genesis 1.3, Genesis 1.5, Genesis 1.6
- H2763 - charam, via Genesis 1.26-27
- H2896 - tov, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.10, Genesis 1.12, Genesis 1.18, Genesis 1.21, Genesis 1.25, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31, Genesis 1.4
- H3045 - yada, via Genesis 1.27
- H5315 - nephesh, via Genesis 1.20-21, Genesis 1.21, Genesis 1.24, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.30
- H6213 - asah, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.16, Genesis 1.25, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.31, Genesis 1.7
- H6754 - tselem, via Genesis 1, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.26-27, Genesis 1.27, Genesis 1.28
- H7218 - rosh, via Genesis 1.1
- H7225 - reshit, via Genesis 1.1
- H7307 - ruach, via Genesis 1.1, Genesis 1.1-2, Genesis 1.2, Genesis 1.26, Genesis 1.3
- H7706 - shaddai, via Genesis 1.1
- H8034 - shem, via Genesis 1.28
Guides:
Notes
Your annotations.
Why these four translations
ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the most literal English translations available (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the public domain in the United States, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.
The four:
- ASV (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
- WEB (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
- KJV (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
- YLT (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.
See Bibles for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.