# Romans 9.1 **Book:** [Romans](/codex/romans/) · NASB95 ## Immediate context (±2 verses) **ASV** ([ASV](/codex/asv/)) > **1. I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience bearing witness with me in the Holy Spirit,** > > 2. that I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart. 3. For I could wish that I myself were anathema from Christ for my brethren's sake, my kinsmen according to the flesh: (Romans 9:1-3, ASV) **WEB** ([WEB](/codex/web/)) > **1. I tell the truth in Christ. I am not lying, my conscience testifying with me in the Holy Spirit,** > > 2. that I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart. 3. For I could wish that I myself were accursed from Christ for my brothers’ sake, my relatives according to the flesh, (Romans 9:1-3, WEB) **KJV** ([KJV](/codex/kjv/)) > **1. I say the truth in Christ, I lie not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost,** > > 2. That I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart. 3. For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh: accursed: or, separated (Romans 9:1-3, KJV) **YLT** ([YLT](/codex/ylt/)) > **1. Truth I say in Christ, I lie not, my conscience bearing testimony with me in the Holy Spirit,** > > 2. that I have great grief and unceasing pain in my heart 3. for I was wishing, I myself, to be anathema from the Christ, for my brethren, my kindred, according to the flesh, (Romans 9:1-3, YLT) ## Setting - **Speaker:** _TBD_ - **Audience:** _TBD_ - **Location:** _TBD_ - **Time period:** _TBD_ ## Theological reading _Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added._ ## Key words _Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word; see Lexicon Roadmap._ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ ## Quoted in **Arguments and defeaters:** - [Argument from Conscience](/codex/argument-from-conscience/) - [Khazar Hypothesis Ashkenazi Replacement Objection Defeater](/codex/khazar-hypothesis-ashkenazi-replacement-objection-defeater/), via [Romans 9.1-5](/codex/romans-9-1-5/) - [Nietzsche Concedes Problem of Evil](/codex/nietzsche-concedes-problem-of-evil/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) **Concepts:** - [Calvinism](/codex/calvinism/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) - [Calvinism vs Arminianism vs Molinism vs Open Theism](/codex/calvinism-vs-arminianism-vs-molinism-vs-open-theism/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) - [Free Will and Determinism](/codex/free-will-and-determinism/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) - [Hardening Pharaohs Heart](/codex/hardening-pharaohs-heart/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) - [Monergism](/codex/monergism/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) - [Predestination](/codex/predestination/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) **People:** - [Jesus](/codex/jesus/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) - [John Piper](/codex/john-piper/), via [Romans 9.1-23](/codex/romans-9-1-23/) - [Paul the Apostle](/codex/paul-the-apostle/), via [Romans 9.1-29](/codex/romans-9-1-29/) **Lexicon:** - [G0225 - aletheia](/codex/g0225-aletheia/) - [G4893 - syneidesis](/codex/g4893-syneidesis/) --- _Scripture quotations taken from the **New American Standard Bible®** (NASB), Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995 by **The Lockman Foundation**. Used by permission. All rights reserved. [www.lockman.org](https://www.lockman.org)_ ## Why these four translations ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the **most literal English translations available** (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the **public domain in the United States**, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance. The four: - **[ASV](/codex/asv/)** (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition. - **[WEB](/codex/web/)** (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English. - **[KJV](/codex/kjv/)** (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base. - **[YLT](/codex/ylt/)** (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff. See [Bibles](/codex/bibles/) for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.