# Romans 1.32

<!-- type: passage | created: 2026-06-01 | updated: 2026-06-01 -->

**Book:** [Romans](/codex/romans/) · NASB95

## Immediate context (±2 verses)

**ASV** ([ASV](/codex/asv/))
> 30. backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31. without understanding, covenant-breakers, without natural affection, unmerciful:
>
> **32. who, knowing the ordinance of God, that they that practise such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also consent with them that practise them.** (Romans 1:30-32, ASV)

**WEB** ([WEB](/codex/web/))
> 30. backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31. without understanding, covenant breakers, without natural affection, unforgiving, unmerciful;
>
> **32. who, knowing the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but also approve of those who practice them.** (Romans 1:30-32, WEB)

**KJV** ([KJV](/codex/kjv/))
> 30. Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31. Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful: <sup>without natural: or unsociable</sup>
>
> **32. Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them. <sup>have: or, consent with</sup>** (Romans 1:30-32, KJV)

**YLT** ([YLT](/codex/ylt/))
> 30. evil-speakers, God-haters, insulting, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, 31. unintelligent, faithless, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful;
>
> **32. who the righteous judgment of God having known, that those practising such things are worthy of death, not only do them, but also have delight with those practising them.** (Romans 1:30-32, YLT)

## Setting

- **Speaker:** _TBD_
- **Audience:** _TBD_
- **Location:** _TBD_
- **Time period:** _TBD_

## Theological reading

_Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added._

## Key words

_Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word; see Lexicon Roadmap._

- _TBD_
- _TBD_
- _TBD_
- _TBD_

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## Quoted in

**Arguments and defeaters:**

- [Argument from Conscience](/codex/argument-from-conscience/)
- [Atheism Promotes Hatred Lies and Self-Idolatry](/codex/atheism-promotes-hatred-lies-and-self-idolatry/), via [Romans 1.18-32](/codex/romans-1-18-32/), [Romans 1.28-32](/codex/romans-1-28-32/)
- [Atheist Moral Realism Defeater](/codex/atheist-moral-realism-defeater/)
- [Biblical Sexual Ethics Objection Defeater](/codex/biblical-sexual-ethics-objection-defeater/), via [Romans 1.18-32](/codex/romans-1-18-32/)
- [Moral Argument](/codex/moral-arguments/)
- [OT vs NT God Objection Defeater](/codex/ot-vs-nt-god-objection-defeater/), via [Romans 1.18-32](/codex/romans-1-18-32/)

**Concepts:**

- [Atheism](/codex/atheism/), via [Romans 1.18-32](/codex/romans-1-18-32/)
- [Biblical Sexual Ethics Objection](/codex/biblical-sexual-ethics-objection/), via [Romans 1.18-32](/codex/romans-1-18-32/)
- [OT vs NT God Objection](/codex/ot-vs-nt-god-objection/), via [Romans 1.18-32](/codex/romans-1-18-32/)
- [Salvation of the Unevangelized](/codex/salvation-of-the-unevangelized/), via [Romans 1.18-32](/codex/romans-1-18-32/)

**Lexicon:**

- [G2305 - theiotes](/codex/g2305-theiotes/), via [Romans 1.18-32](/codex/romans-1-18-32/)

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_Scripture quotations taken from the **New American Standard Bible®** (NASB), Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995 by **The Lockman Foundation**. Used by permission. All rights reserved. [www.lockman.org](https://www.lockman.org)_

## Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the **most literal English translations available** (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the **public domain in the United States**, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

- **[ASV](/codex/asv/)** (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
- **[WEB](/codex/web/)** (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
- **[KJV](/codex/kjv/)** (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
- **[YLT](/codex/ylt/)** (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See [Bibles](/codex/bibles/) for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.