# Matthew 18

<!-- type: passage | created: 2026-06-01 | updated: 2026-06-01 -->

**Book:** [Matthew](/codex/matthew-the-apostle/) · NASB95

## Immediate context (±2 verses)

**ASV** ([ASV](/codex/asv/))
> 1. In that hour came the disciples unto Jesus, saying, Who then is greatest in the kingdom of heaven? 2. And he called to him a little child, and set him in the middle of them, 3. and said, <span class="rl-speech">Truly I say unto you, Except you turn, and become as little sons, you shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven.</span> 4. <span class="rl-speech">Whoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, the same is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven.</span> 5. <span class="rl-speech">And whoso shall receive one such little child in my name receives me:</span> 6. <span class="rl-speech">But whoso shall cause one of these little ones that believe on me to stumble, it is profitable for him that a great millstone should be hanged about his neck, and that he should be sunk in the depth of the sea.</span> 7. <span class="rl-speech">Woe unto the world because of occasions of stumbling! for it must needs be that the occasions come; but woe to that man through whom the occasion comes!</span> 8. <span class="rl-speech">And if your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off, and cast it from you: it is good for you to enter into life crippled or halt, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into the eternal fire.</span> 9. <span class="rl-speech">And if your eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from you: it is good for you to enter into life with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into the hell of fire.</span> 10. <span class="rl-speech">See that you despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you, that in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father who is in heaven.</span> 12. <span class="rl-speech">How think you? if any man have a hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, does he not leave the ninety and nine, and go unto the mountains, and seek that which goes astray?</span> 13. <span class="rl-speech">And if so be that he find it, truly I say unto you, he rejoices over it more than over the ninety and nine which have not gone astray.</span> 14. <span class="rl-speech">Even so it is not the will of your Father who is in heaven, that one of these little ones should perish.</span> 15. <span class="rl-speech">And if your brother sin against you, go, show him his fault between you and him alone: if he hear you, you have gained your brother.</span> 16. <span class="rl-speech">But if he hear you not, take with you one or two more, that at the mouth of two witnesses or three every word may be established.</span> 17. <span class="rl-speech">And if he refuse to hear them, tell it unto the church: and if he refuse to hear the church also, let him be unto you as the Gentile and the tax collector.</span> 18. <span class="rl-speech">Truly I say unto you, what things soever you shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and what things soever you shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.</span> 19. <span class="rl-speech">Again I say unto you, that if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father who is in heaven.</span> 20. <span class="rl-speech">For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the middle of them.</span> 21. Then came Peter and said to him, Lord, how often shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? until seven times? 22. Jesus says unto him, <span class="rl-speech">I say not unto you, Until seven times; but, Until seventy times seven.</span> 23. <span class="rl-speech">Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, who would make a reckoning with his servants.</span> 24. <span class="rl-speech">And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him, that owed him ten thousand talents.</span> 25. <span class="rl-speech">But forasmuch as he had not with which to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife, and sons, and all that he had, and payment to be made.</span> 26. <span class="rl-speech">The servant therefore fell down and worshiped him, saying, Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay you all.</span> 27. <span class="rl-speech">And the lord of that servant, being moved with compassion, released him, and forgave him the debt.</span> 28. <span class="rl-speech">But that servant went out, and found one of his fellow-servants, who owed him a hundred shillings: and he laid hold on him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay what you owe.</span> 29. <span class="rl-speech">So his fellow-servant fell down and begged him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay you.</span> 30. <span class="rl-speech">And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, until he should pay that which was due.</span> 31. <span class="rl-speech">So when his fellow-servants saw what was done, they were exceedingly sorry, and came and told unto their lord all that was done.</span> 32. Then his lord called him unto him, and says to him, <span class="rl-speech">You wicked servant, I forgave you all that debt, because you besoughtest me:</span> 33. <span class="rl-speech">should not you also have had mercy on your fellow-servant, even as I had mercy on you?</span> 34. <span class="rl-speech">And his lord was angry, and delivered him to the tormentors, until he should pay all that was due.</span> 35. <span class="rl-speech">So shall also my heavenly Father do unto you, if you forgive not every one his brother from your hearts.</span> (Matthew 18:1-35, ASV)

**WEB** ([WEB](/codex/web/))
> 1. In that hour the disciples came to Jesus, saying, “Who then is greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven?” 2. Jesus called a little child to himself, and set him in the middle of them, 3. and said, <span class="rl-speech">“Most certainly I tell you, unless you turn, and become as little children, you will in no way enter into the Kingdom of Heaven.</span> 4. <span class="rl-speech">Whoever therefore humbles himself as this little child, the same is the greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven.</span> 5. <span class="rl-speech">Whoever receives one such little child in my name receives me,</span> 6. <span class="rl-speech">but whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him that a huge millstone should be hung around his neck, and that he should be sunk in the depths of the sea.</span> 7. <span class="rl-speech">“Woe to the world because of occasions of stumbling! For it must be that the occasions come, but woe to that person through whom the occasion comes!</span> 8. <span class="rl-speech">If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off, and cast it from you. It is better for you to enter into life maimed or crippled, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into the eternal fire.</span> 9. <span class="rl-speech">If your eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out, and cast it from you. It is better for you to enter into life with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into the Gehenna of fire.</span> 10. <span class="rl-speech">See that you don’t despise one of these little ones, for I tell you that in heaven their angels always see the face of my Father who is in heaven.</span> 11. <span class="rl-speech">For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost.</span> 12. <span class="rl-speech">“What do you think? If a man has one hundred sheep, and one of them goes astray, doesn’t he leave the ninety-nine, go to the mountains, and seek that which has gone astray?</span> 13. <span class="rl-speech">If he finds it, most certainly I tell you, he rejoices over it more than over the ninety-nine which have not gone astray.</span> 14. <span class="rl-speech">Even so it is not the will of your Father who is in heaven that one of these little ones should perish.</span> 15. <span class="rl-speech">“If your brother sins against you, go, show him his fault between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained back your brother.</span> 16. <span class="rl-speech">But if he doesn’t listen, take one or two more with you, that at the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established.</span> 17. <span class="rl-speech">If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the assembly. If he refuses to hear the assembly also, let him be to you as a Gentile or a tax collector.</span> 18. <span class="rl-speech">Most certainly I tell you, whatever things you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever things you release on earth will have been released in heaven.</span> 19. <span class="rl-speech">Again, assuredly I tell you, that if two of you will agree on earth concerning anything that they will ask, it will be done for them by my Father who is in heaven.</span> 20. <span class="rl-speech">For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there I am in the middle of them.”</span> 21. Then Peter came and said to him, “Lord, how often shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Until seven times?” 22. Jesus said to him, <span class="rl-speech">“I don’t tell you until seven times, but, until seventy times seven.</span> 23. <span class="rl-speech">Therefore the Kingdom of Heaven is like a certain king, who wanted to reconcile accounts with his servants.</span> 24. <span class="rl-speech">When he had begun to reconcile, one was brought to him who owed him ten thousand talents.</span> 25. <span class="rl-speech">But because he couldn’t pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, with his wife, his children, and all that he had, and payment to be made.</span> 26. <span class="rl-speech">The servant therefore fell down and knelt before him, saying, ‘Lord, have patience with me, and I will repay you all!’</span> 27. <span class="rl-speech">The lord of that servant, being moved with compassion, released him, and forgave him the debt.</span> 28. <span class="rl-speech">“But that servant went out, and found one of his fellow servants, who owed him one hundred denarii, and he grabbed him, and took him by the throat, saying, ‘Pay me what you owe!’</span> 29. <span class="rl-speech">“So his fellow servant fell down at his feet and begged him, saying, ‘Have patience with me, and I will repay you!’</span> 30. <span class="rl-speech">He would not, but went and cast him into prison, until he should pay back that which was due.</span> 31. <span class="rl-speech">So when his fellow servants saw what was done, they were exceedingly sorry, and came and told to their lord all that was done.</span> 32. Then his lord called him in, and said to him, <span class="rl-speech">‘You wicked servant! I forgave you all that debt, because you begged me.</span> 33. <span class="rl-speech">Shouldn’t you also have had mercy on your fellow servant, even as I had mercy on you?’</span> 34. <span class="rl-speech">His lord was angry, and delivered him to the tormentors, until he should pay all that was due to him.</span> 35. <span class="rl-speech">So my heavenly Father will also do to you, if you don’t each forgive your brother from your hearts for his misdeeds.”</span> (Matthew 18:1-35, WEB)

**KJV** ([KJV](/codex/kjv/))
> 1. At the same time came the disciples unto Jesus, saying, Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven? 2. And Jesus called a little child unto him, and set him in the midst of them, 3. And said, Verily I say unto you, Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven. 4. Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven. 5. And whoso shall receive one such little child in my name receiveth me. 6. But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea. 7. Woe unto the world because of offences! for it must needs be that offences come; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh! 8. Wherefore if thy hand or thy foot offend thee, cut them off, and cast them from thee: it is better for thee to enter into life halt or maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into everlasting fire. 9. And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: it is better for thee to enter into life with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into hell fire. 10. Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you, That in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in heaven. 11. For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost. 12. How think ye? if a man have an hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and goeth into the mountains, and seeketh that which is gone astray? 13. And if so be that he find it, verily I say unto you, he rejoiceth more of that sheep, than of the ninety and nine which went not astray. 14. Even so it is not the will of your Father which is in heaven, that one of these little ones should perish. 15. Moreover if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone: if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. 16. But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. 17. And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican. 18. Verily I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. 19. Again I say unto you, That if two of you shall agree on earth as touching any thing that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven. 20. For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them. 21. Then came Peter to him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times? 22. Jesus saith unto him, <span class="rl-speech">I say not unto thee, Until seven times: but, Until seventy times seven.</span> 23. <span class="rl-speech">Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king, which would take account of his servants.</span> 24. <span class="rl-speech">And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought unto him, which owed him ten thousand talents. <sup>talents: a talent is 750.ounces of silver, which after five shillings the ounce is 187.li. 10.s.</sup></span> 25. <span class="rl-speech">But forasmuch as he had not to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife, and children, and all that he had, and payment to be made.</span> 26. <span class="rl-speech">The servant therefore fell down, and worshipped him, saying, Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. <sup>worshipped him: or, besought him</sup></span> 27. <span class="rl-speech">Then the lord of that servant was moved with compassion, and loosed him, and forgave him the debt.</span> 28. <span class="rl-speech">But the same servant went out, and found one of his fellowservants, which owed him an hundred pence: and he laid hands on him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay me that thou owest. <sup>pence: the Roman penny is the eighth part of an ounce, which after five shillings the ounce is seven pence halfpenny; about fourteen cents</sup></span> 29. <span class="rl-speech">And his fellowservant fell down at his feet, and besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.</span> 30. <span class="rl-speech">And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, till he should pay the debt.</span> 31. <span class="rl-speech">So when his fellowservants saw what was done, they were very sorry, and came and told unto their lord all that was done.</span> 32. <span class="rl-speech">Then his lord, after that he had called him, said unto him, O thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou desiredst me:</span> 33. <span class="rl-speech">Shouldest not thou also have had compassion on thy fellowservant, even as I had pity on thee?</span> 34. <span class="rl-speech">And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the tormentors, till he should pay all that was due unto him.</span> 35. <span class="rl-speech">So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses.</span> (Matthew 18:1-35, KJV)

**YLT** ([YLT](/codex/ylt/))
> 1. At that hour came the disciples near to Jesus, saying, 'Who, now, is greater in the reign of the heavens?' 2. And Jesus having called near a child, did set him in the midst of them, 3. and said, <span class="rl-speech">'Verily I say to you, if ye may not be turned and become as the children, ye may not enter into the reign of the heavens;</span> 4. <span class="rl-speech">whoever then may humble himself as this child, he is the greater in the reign of the heavens.</span> 5. <span class="rl-speech">'And he who may receive one such child in my name, doth receive me,</span> 6. <span class="rl-speech">and whoever may cause to stumble one of those little ones who are believing in me, it is better for him that a weighty millstone may be hanged upon his neck, and he may be sunk in the depth of the sea.</span> 7. <span class="rl-speech">'Woe to the world from the stumbling-blocks! for there is a necessity for the stumbling-blocks to come, but woe to that man through whom the stumbling-block doth come!</span> 8. <span class="rl-speech">'And if thy hand or thy foot doth cause thee to stumble, cut them off and cast from thee; it is good for thee to enter into the life lame or maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet, to be cast to the fire the age-during.</span> 9. <span class="rl-speech">'And if thine eye doth cause thee to stumble, pluck it out and cast from thee; it is good for thee one-eyed to enter into the life, rather than having two eyes to be cast to the gehenna of the fire.</span> 10. <span class="rl-speech">'Beware!, ye may not despise one of these little ones, for I say to you, that their messengers in the heavens do always behold the face of my Father who is in the heavens,</span> 11. <span class="rl-speech">for the Son of Man did come to save the lost.</span> 12. <span class="rl-speech">'What think ye? if a man may have an hundred sheep, and there may go astray one of them, doth he not, having left the ninety-nine, having gone on the mountains, seek that which is gone astray?</span> 13. <span class="rl-speech">and if it may come to pass that he doth find it, verily I say to you, that he doth rejoice over it more than over the ninety-nine that have not gone astray;</span> 14. <span class="rl-speech">so it is not will in presence of your Father who is in the heavens, that one of these little ones may perish.</span> 15. <span class="rl-speech">'And if thy brother may sin against thee, go and show him his fault between thee and him alone, if he may hear thee, thou didst gain thy brother;</span> 16. <span class="rl-speech">and if he may not hear, take with thee yet one or two, that by the mouth of two witnesses or three every word may stand.</span> 17. <span class="rl-speech">'And if he may not hear them, say [it] to the assembly, and if also the assembly he may not hear, let him be to thee as the heathen man and the tax-gatherer.</span> 18. <span class="rl-speech">'Verily I say to you, Whatever things ye may bind upon the earth shall be having been bound in the heavens, and whatever things ye may loose on the earth shall be having been loosed in the heavens.</span> 19. <span class="rl-speech">'Again, I say to you, that, if two of you may agree on the earth concerning anything, whatever they may ask, it shall be done to them from my Father who is in the heavens,</span> 20. <span class="rl-speech">for where there are two or three gathered together, to my name, there am I in the midst of them.'</span> 21. <span class="rl-speech">Then Peter having come near to him, said, 'Sir, how often shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him, till seven times?'</span> 22. Jesus saith to him, <span class="rl-speech">'I do not say to thee till seven times, but till seventy times seven.</span> 23. <span class="rl-speech">'Because of this was the reign of the heavens likened to a man, a king, who did will to take reckoning with his servants,</span> 24. <span class="rl-speech">and he having begun to take account, there was brought near to him one debtor of a myriad of talents,</span> 25. <span class="rl-speech">and he having nothing to pay, his lord did command him to be sold, and his wife, and the children, and all, whatever he had, and payment to be made.</span> 26. <span class="rl-speech">The servant then, having fallen down, was bowing to him, saying, Sir, have patience with me, and I will pay thee all;</span> 27. <span class="rl-speech">and the lord of that servant having been moved with compassion did release him, and the debt he forgave him.</span> 28. <span class="rl-speech">'And, that servant having come forth, found one of his fellow-servants who was owing him an hundred denaries, and having laid hold, he took him by the throat, saying, Pay me that which thou owest.</span> 29. <span class="rl-speech">His fellow-servant then, having fallen down at his feet, was calling on him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all;</span> 30. <span class="rl-speech">and he would not, but having gone away, he cast him into prison, till he might pay that which was owing.</span> 31. <span class="rl-speech">'And his fellow-servants having seen the things that were done, were grieved exceedingly, and having come, shewed fully to their lord all the things that were done;</span> 32. <span class="rl-speech">then having called him, his lord saith to him, Evil servant! all that debt I did forgive thee, seeing thou didst call upon me,</span> 33. <span class="rl-speech">did it not behove also thee to have dealt kindly with thy fellow-servant, as I also dealt kindly with thee?</span> 34. <span class="rl-speech">'And having been wroth, his lord delivered him to the inquisitors, till he might pay all that was owing to him;</span> 35. <span class="rl-speech">so also my heavenly Father will do to you, if ye may not forgive each one his brother from your hearts their trespasses.'</span> (Matthew 18:1-35, YLT)

## Setting

- **Speaker:** _TBD_
- **Audience:** _TBD_
- **Location:** _TBD_
- **Time period:** _TBD_

## Theological reading

_Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added._

## Key words

_Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word; see Lexicon Roadmap._

- _TBD_
- _TBD_
- _TBD_
- _TBD_

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## Quoted in

**Arguments and defeaters:**

- [Christians Behaving Badly Defeater](/codex/christians-behaving-badly-defeater/), via [Matthew 18.6](/codex/matthew-18-6/)
- [Spare the Rod Objection Defeater](/codex/spare-the-rod-objection-defeater/), via [Matthew 18.6](/codex/matthew-18-6/)

**Concepts:**

- [Angels](/codex/angels/), via [Matthew 18.10](/codex/matthew-18-10/)
- [Atheism](/codex/atheism/), via [Matthew 18.6](/codex/matthew-18-6/)
- [Authority to Cast Out Demons](/codex/authority-to-cast-out-demons/), via [Matthew 18.34](/codex/matthew-18-34/)
- [Biblical Forgiveness](/codex/biblical-forgiveness/), via [Matthew 18.15-17](/codex/matthew-18-15-17/), [Matthew 18.21-35](/codex/matthew-18-21-35/)
- [Christianity](/codex/christianity/), via [Matthew 18.20](/codex/matthew-18-20/)
- [Christs Deity](/codex/christs-deity/), via [Matthew 18.20](/codex/matthew-18-20/)
- [Doubt and Fear](/codex/doubt-and-fear/), via [Matthew 18.34](/codex/matthew-18-34/)
- [God and the Killing of Children](/codex/god-and-the-killing-of-children/), via [Matthew 18.1-6](/codex/matthew-18-1-6/), [Matthew 18.6](/codex/matthew-18-6/)
- [Hell and Eternal Punishment](/codex/hell-and-eternal-punishment/), via [Matthew 18.9](/codex/matthew-18-9/)
- [Jesus Said](/codex/jesus-said/)
- [Lesson 2.4, Christology in One Lesson](/codex/lesson-2-4-christology-in-one-lesson/), via [Matthew 18.20](/codex/matthew-18-20/)
- [Lesson 4.4, Christian Conduct Critiques](/codex/lesson-4-4-christian-conduct-critiques/), via [Matthew 18.6](/codex/matthew-18-6/)
- [Petrine Primacy](/codex/petrine-primacy/), via [Matthew 18.18](/codex/matthew-18-18/)
- [Spare the Rod Objection](/codex/spare-the-rod-objection/), via [Matthew 18.6](/codex/matthew-18-6/)
- [Spirit of Torment](/codex/spirit-of-torment/), via [Matthew 18.34](/codex/matthew-18-34/), [Matthew 18.34-35](/codex/matthew-18-34-35/)
- [Spiritual Warfare](/codex/spiritual-warfare/), via [Matthew 18.23-35](/codex/matthew-18-23-35/), [Matthew 18.34](/codex/matthew-18-34/)
- [Topheth and the Valley of Hinnom](/codex/topheth-and-the-valley-of-hinnom/), via [Matthew 18.9](/codex/matthew-18-9/)
- [Verses on Gods Goodness and Human Worth](/codex/verses-on-gods-goodness-and-human-worth/), via [Matthew 18.14](/codex/matthew-18-14/)

**Lexicon:**

- [G0622 - apollymi](/codex/g0622-apollymi/), via [Matthew 18.14](/codex/matthew-18-14/)
- [G0859 - aphesis](/codex/g0859-aphesis/), via [Matthew 18.21-35](/codex/matthew-18-21-35/)
- [G0863 - aphiemi](/codex/g0863-aphiemi/), via [Matthew 18.21-22](/codex/matthew-18-21-22/), [Matthew 18.23-35](/codex/matthew-18-23-35/), [Matthew 18.27](/codex/matthew-18-27/), [Matthew 18.32](/codex/matthew-18-32/)
- [G1067 - geenna](/codex/g1067-geenna/)
- [G1401 - doulos](/codex/g1401-doulos/), via [Matthew 18.23-35](/codex/matthew-18-23-35/)
- [G1510 - eimi](/codex/g1510-eimi/), via [Matthew 18.20](/codex/matthew-18-20/)
- [G1520 - heis](/codex/g1520-heis/), via [Matthew 18.24](/codex/matthew-18-24/)
- [G1577 - ekklesia](/codex/g1577-ekklesia/), via [Matthew 18.17](/codex/matthew-18-17/)

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_Scripture quotations taken from the **New American Standard Bible®** (NASB), Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995 by **The Lockman Foundation**. Used by permission. All rights reserved. [www.lockman.org](https://www.lockman.org)_

## Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the **most literal English translations available** (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the **public domain in the United States**, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

- **[ASV](/codex/asv/)** (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
- **[WEB](/codex/web/)** (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
- **[KJV](/codex/kjv/)** (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
- **[YLT](/codex/ylt/)** (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See [Bibles](/codex/bibles/) for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.