# John 13

<!-- type: passage | created: 2026-06-01 | updated: 2026-06-01 -->

**Book:** [John](/codex/john-the-apostle/) · NASB95

## Immediate context (±2 verses)

**ASV** ([ASV](/codex/asv/))
> 1. <span class="rl-speech">Now before the feast of the passover, Jesus knowing that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto his Father, having loved his own that were in the world, he loved them unto the end.</span> 2. <span class="rl-speech">And during supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, to betray him,</span> 3. <span class="rl-speech">Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all the things into his hands, and that he came forth from God, and goeth unto God,</span> 4. <span class="rl-speech">riseth from supper, and layeth aside his garments; and he took a towel, and girded himself.</span> 5. <span class="rl-speech">Then he poureth water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded.</span> 6. So he cometh to Simon Peter. He saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet? 7. Jesus answered and said unto him, <span class="rl-speech">What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt understand hereafter.</span> 8. Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me.</span> 9. Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head. 10. Jesus saith to him, <span class="rl-speech">He that is bathed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.</span> 11. <span class="rl-speech">For he knew him that should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean.</span> 12. So when he had washed their feet, and taken his garments, and sat down again, he said unto them, <span class="rl-speech">Know ye what I have done to you?</span> 13. <span class="rl-speech">Ye call me, Teacher, and, Lord: and ye say well; for so I am.</span> 14. <span class="rl-speech">If I then, the Lord and the Teacher, have washed your feet, ye also ought to wash one another's feet.</span> 15. <span class="rl-speech">For I have given you an example, that ye also should do as I have done to you.</span> 16. <span class="rl-speech">Verily, verily, I say unto you, A servant is not greater than his lord; neither one that is sent greater than he that sent him.</span> 17. <span class="rl-speech">If ye know these things, blessed are ye if ye do them.</span> 18. <span class="rl-speech">I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled: He that eateth my bread lifted up his heel against me.</span> 19. <span class="rl-speech">From henceforth I tell you before it come to pass, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that I am he.</span> 20. <span class="rl-speech">Verily, verily, I say unto you, he that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me.</span> 21. When Jesus had thus said, he was troubled in the spirit, and testified, and said, <span class="rl-speech">Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me.</span> 22. <span class="rl-speech">The disciples looked one on another, doubting of whom he spake.</span> 23. <span class="rl-speech">There was at the table reclining in Jesus' bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved.</span> 24. Simon Peter therefore beckoneth to him, and saith unto him, <span class="rl-speech">Tell us who it is of whom he speaketh.</span> 25. <span class="rl-speech">He leaning back, as he was, on Jesus' breast saith unto him, Lord, who is it?</span> 26. Jesus therefore answereth, <span class="rl-speech">He it is, for whom I shall dip the sop, and give it him. So when he had dipped the sop, he taketh and giveth it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot.</span> 27. And after the sop, then entered Satan into him. Jesus therefore saith unto him, <span class="rl-speech">What thou doest, do quickly.</span> 28. <span class="rl-speech">Now no man at the table knew for what intent he spake this unto him.</span> 29. For some thought, because Judas had the bag, that Jesus said unto him, <span class="rl-speech">Buy what things we have need of for the feast; or, that he should give something to the poor.</span> 30. <span class="rl-speech">He then having received the sop went out straightway: and it was night.</span> 31. When therefore he was gone out, Jesus saith, <span class="rl-speech">Now is the Son of man glorified, and God is glorified in him;</span> 32. <span class="rl-speech">and God shall glorify him in himself, and straightway shall he glorify him.</span> 33. <span class="rl-speech">Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek me: and as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come; so now I say unto you.</span> 34. <span class="rl-speech">A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another; even as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.</span> 35. <span class="rl-speech">By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another.</span> 36. Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, whither goest thou? Jesus answered, <span class="rl-speech">Whither I go, thou canst not follow now; but thou shalt follow afterwards.</span> 37. Peter saith unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee even now? I will lay down my life for thee. 38. Jesus answereth, <span class="rl-speech">Wilt thou lay down thy life for me? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice.</span> (John 13:1-38, ASV)

**WEB** ([WEB](/codex/web/))
> 1. <span class="rl-speech">Now before the feast of the Passover, Jesus, knowing that his time had come that he would depart from this world to the Father, having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end.</span> 2. <span class="rl-speech">During supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray him,</span> 3. <span class="rl-speech">Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he came from God, and was going to God,</span> 4. <span class="rl-speech">arose from supper, and laid aside his outer garments. He took a towel, and wrapped a towel around his waist.</span> 5. <span class="rl-speech">Then he poured water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples’ feet, and to wipe them with the towel that was wrapped around him.</span> 6. Then he came to Simon Peter. He said to him, “Lord, do you wash my feet?” 7. Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">“You don’t know what I am doing now, but you will understand later.”</span> 8. Peter said to him, “You will never wash my feet!” Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">“If I don’t wash you, you have no part with me.”</span> 9. Simon Peter said to him, “Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head!” 10. Jesus said to him, <span class="rl-speech">“Someone who has bathed only needs to have his feet washed, but is completely clean. You are clean, but not all of you.”</span> 11. For he knew him who would betray him, therefore he said, <span class="rl-speech">“You are not all clean.”</span> 12. So when he had washed their feet, put his outer garment back on, and sat down again, he said to them, <span class="rl-speech">“Do you know what I have done to you?</span> 13. <span class="rl-speech">You call me, ‘Teacher’ and ‘Lord.’ You say so correctly, for so I am.</span> 14. <span class="rl-speech">If I then, the Lord and the Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet.</span> 15. <span class="rl-speech">For I have given you an example, that you also should do as I have done to you.</span> 16. <span class="rl-speech">Most certainly I tell you, a servant is not greater than his lord, neither one who is sent greater than he who sent him.</span> 17. <span class="rl-speech">If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them.</span> 18. <span class="rl-speech">I don’t speak concerning all of you. I know whom I have chosen. But that the Scripture may be fulfilled, ‘He who eats bread with me has lifted up his heel against me.’</span> 19. <span class="rl-speech">From now on, I tell you before it happens, that when it happens, you may believe that I am he.</span> 20. <span class="rl-speech">Most certainly I tell you, he who receives whomever I send, receives me; and he who receives me, receives him who sent me.”</span> 21. When Jesus had said this, he was troubled in spirit, and testified, “Most certainly I tell you that one of you will betray me.” 22. The disciples looked at one another, perplexed about whom he spoke. 23. One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved, was at the table, leaning against Jesus’ breast. 24. Simon Peter therefore beckoned to him, and said to him, <span class="rl-speech">“Tell us who it is of whom he speaks.”</span> 25. He, leaning back, as he was, on Jesus’ breast, asked him, “Lord, who is it?” 26. Jesus therefore answered, <span class="rl-speech">“It is he to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it.”</span> So when he had dipped the piece of bread, he gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot. 27. After the piece of bread, then Satan entered into him. Then Jesus said to him, <span class="rl-speech">“What you do, do quickly.”</span> 28. Now no man at the table knew why he said this to him. 29. For some thought, because Judas had the money box, that Jesus said to him, <span class="rl-speech">“Buy what things we need for the feast,”</span> or that he should give something to the poor. 30. Therefore having received that morsel, he went out immediately. It was night. 31. When he had gone out, Jesus said, <span class="rl-speech">“Now the Son of Man has been glorified, and God has been glorified in him.</span> 32. <span class="rl-speech">If God has been glorified in him, God will also glorify him in himself, and he will glorify him immediately.</span> 33. <span class="rl-speech">Little children, I will be with you a little while longer. You will seek me, and as I said to the Jews, ‘Where I am going, you can’t come,’ so now I tell you.</span> 34. <span class="rl-speech">A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, you also love one another.</span> 35. <span class="rl-speech">By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.”</span> 36. Simon Peter said to him, “Lord, where are you going?” Jesus answered, <span class="rl-speech">“Where I am going, you can’t follow now, but you will follow afterwards.”</span> 37. Peter said to him, “Lord, why can’t I follow you now? I will lay down my life for you.” 38. Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">“Will you lay down your life for me? Most certainly I tell you, the rooster won’t crow until you have denied me three times.</span> (John 13:1-38, WEB)

**KJV** ([KJV](/codex/kjv/))
> 1. <span class="rl-speech">Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the end.</span> 2. <span class="rl-speech">And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, to betray him;</span> 3. <span class="rl-speech">Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God;</span> 4. <span class="rl-speech">He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself.</span> 5. <span class="rl-speech">After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded.</span> 6. Then cometh he to Simon Peter: and Peter saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet? <sup>Peter saith: Gr. he saith</sup> 7. Jesus answered and said unto him, <span class="rl-speech">What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt know hereafter.</span> 8. Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me.</span> 9. Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head. 10. Jesus saith to him, <span class="rl-speech">He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.</span> 11. <span class="rl-speech">For he knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean.</span> 12. So after he had washed their feet, and had taken his garments, and was set down again, he said unto them, <span class="rl-speech">Know ye what I have done to you?</span> 13. <span class="rl-speech">Ye call me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am.</span> 14. <span class="rl-speech">If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another's feet.</span> 15. <span class="rl-speech">For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you.</span> 16. <span class="rl-speech">Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him.</span> 17. <span class="rl-speech">If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.</span> 18. <span class="rl-speech">I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth bread with me hath lifted up his heel against me.</span> 19. <span class="rl-speech">Now I tell you before it come, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that I am he. <sup>Now: or, From henceforth</sup></span> 20. <span class="rl-speech">Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me.</span> 21. When Jesus had thus said, he was troubled in spirit, and testified, and said, <span class="rl-speech">Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me.</span> 22. <span class="rl-speech">Then the disciples looked one on another, doubting of whom he spake.</span> 23. <span class="rl-speech">Now there was leaning on Jesus' bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved.</span> 24. <span class="rl-speech">Simon Peter therefore beckoned to him, that he should ask who it should be of whom he spake.</span> 25. <span class="rl-speech">He then lying on Jesus' breast saith unto him, Lord, who is it?</span> 26. Jesus answered, <span class="rl-speech">He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.sop: or, morsel</span> 27. And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly. 28. Now no man at the table knew for what intent he spake this unto him. 29. For some of them thought, because Judas had the bag, that Jesus had said unto him, <span class="rl-speech">Buy those things that we have need of against the feast; or, that he should give something to the poor.</span> 30. <span class="rl-speech">He then having received the sop went immediately out: and it was night.</span> 31. Therefore, when he was gone out, Jesus said, <span class="rl-speech">Now is the Son of man glorified, and God is glorified in him.</span> 32. <span class="rl-speech">If God be glorified in him, God shall also glorify him in himself, and shall straightway glorify him.</span> 33. <span class="rl-speech">Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek me: and as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come; so now I say to you.</span> 34. <span class="rl-speech">A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.</span> 35. <span class="rl-speech">By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another.</span> 36. Simon Peter said unto him, Lord, whither goest thou? Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">Whither I go, thou canst not follow me now; but thou shalt follow me afterwards.</span> 37. Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee now? I will lay down my life for thy sake. 38. Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice.</span> (John 13:1-38, KJV)

**YLT** ([YLT](/codex/ylt/))
> 1. <span class="rl-speech">And before the feast of the passover, Jesus knowing that his hour hath come, that he may remove out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own who [are] in the world, to the end he loved them.</span> 2. <span class="rl-speech">And supper being come, the devil already having put [it] into the heart of Judas of Simon, Iscariot, that he may deliver him up,</span> 3. <span class="rl-speech">Jesus knowing that all things the Father hath given to him, into [his] hands, and that from God he came forth, and unto God he goeth,</span> 4. <span class="rl-speech">doth rise from the supper, and doth lay down his garments, and having taken a towel, he girded himself;</span> 5. <span class="rl-speech">afterward he putteth water into the basin, and began to wash the feet of his disciples, and to wipe with the towel with which he was being girded.</span> 6. <span class="rl-speech">He cometh, therefore, unto Simon Peter, and that one saith to him, 'Sir, thou, dost thou wash my feet?'</span> 7. Jesus answered and said to him, <span class="rl-speech">'That which I do thou hast not known now, but thou shalt know after these things;'</span> 8. Peter saith to him, 'Thou mayest not wash my feet, to the age.' Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">'If I may not wash thee, thou hast no part with me;'</span> 9. Simon Peter saith to him, 'Sir, not my feet only, but also the hands and the head.' 10. Jesus saith to him, <span class="rl-speech">'He who hath been bathed hath no need save to wash his feet, but he is clean altogether; and ye are clean, but not all;'</span> 11. for he knew him who is delivering him up; because of this he said, <span class="rl-speech">'Ye are not all clean.'</span> 12. When, therefore, he washed their feet, and took his garments, having reclined (at meat) again, he said to them, <span class="rl-speech">'Do ye know what I have done to you?</span> 13. <span class="rl-speech">ye call me, The Teacher and The Lord, and ye say well, for I am;</span> 14. <span class="rl-speech">if then I did wash your feet, the Lord and the Teacher, ye also ought to wash one another's feet.</span> 15. <span class="rl-speech">'For an example I gave to you, that, according as I did to you, ye also may do;</span> 16. <span class="rl-speech">verily, verily, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his lord, nor an apostle greater than he who sent him;</span> 17. <span class="rl-speech">if these things ye have known, happy are ye, if ye may do them;</span> 18. <span class="rl-speech">not concerning you all do I speak; I have known whom I chose for myself; but that the Writing may be fulfilled: He who is eating the bread with me, did lift up against me his heel.</span> 19. <span class="rl-speech">'From this time I tell you, before its coming to pass, that, when it may come to pass, ye may believe that I am [he];</span> 20. <span class="rl-speech">verily, verily, I say to you, he who is receiving whomsoever I may send, doth receive me; and he who is receiving me, doth receive Him who sent me.'</span> 21. These things having said, Jesus was troubled in the spirit, and did testify, and said, <span class="rl-speech">'Verily, verily, I say to you, that one of you will deliver me up;'</span> 22. the disciples were looking, therefore, one at another, doubting concerning whom he speaketh. 23. And there was one of his disciples reclining (at meat) in the bosom of Jesus, whom Jesus was loving; 24. Simon Peter, then, doth beckon to this one, to inquire who he may be concerning whom he speaketh, 25. and that one having leant back on the breast of Jesus, respondeth to him, 'Sir, who is it?' 26. Jesus answereth, <span class="rl-speech">'That one it is to whom I, having dipped the morsel, shall give it;'</span> and having dipped the morsel, he giveth [it] to Judas of Simon, Iscariot. 27. And after the morsel, then the Adversary entered into that one, Jesus, therefore, saith to him, 'What thou dost, do quickly;' 28. and none of those reclining at meat knew for what intent he said this to him, 29. for certain were thinking, since Judas had the bag, that Jesus saith to him, <span class="rl-speech">'Buy what we have need of for the feast;'</span> or that he may give something to the poor; 30. having received, therefore, the morsel, that one immediately went forth, and it was night. 31. When, therefore, he went forth, Jesus saith, <span class="rl-speech">'Now was the Son of Man glorified, and God was glorified in him;</span> 32. <span class="rl-speech">if God was glorified in him, God also will glorify him in Himself; yea, immediately He will glorify him.</span> 33. <span class="rl-speech">'Little children, yet a little am I with you; ye will seek me, and, according as I said to the Jews, Whither I go away, ye are not able to come, to you also I do say [it] now.</span> 34. <span class="rl-speech">'A new commandment I give to you, that ye love one another; according as I did love you, that ye also love one another;</span> 35. <span class="rl-speech">in this shall all know that ye are my disciples, if ye may have love one to another.'</span> 36. Simon Peter saith to him, 'Sir, whither dost thou go away?' Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">'Whither I go away, thou art not able now to follow me, but afterward thou shalt follow me.'</span> 37. Peter saith to him, 'Sir, wherefore am I not able to follow thee now? my life for thee I will lay down;' 38. Jesus answered him, <span class="rl-speech">'Thy life for me thou wilt lay down! verily, verily, I say to thee, a cock will not crow till thou mayest deny me thrice.'</span> (John 13:1-38, YLT)

## Setting

- **Speaker:** _TBD_
- **Audience:** _TBD_
- **Location:** _TBD_
- **Time period:** _TBD_

## Theological reading

_Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added._

## Key words

_Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word; see Lexicon Roadmap._

- _TBD_
- _TBD_
- _TBD_
- _TBD_

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## Quoted in

**Arguments and defeaters:**

- [Anonymous Gospels Objection Defeater](/codex/anonymous-gospels-objection-defeater/), via [John 13.23](/codex/john-13-23/)
- [Anselms Four-Dimensionalist Eternity](/codex/anselms-four-dimensionalist-eternity/), via [John 13.19](/codex/john-13-19/)
- [Argument from Sanctity](/codex/argument-from-sanctity/), via [John 13.34-35](/codex/john-13-34-35/)
- [Argument from the Costly-Signal Convergence](/codex/argument-from-the-costly-signal-convergence/), via [John 13.34-35](/codex/john-13-34-35/)
- [Christians Not Under Mosaic Law](/codex/christians-not-under-mosaic-law/), via [John 13.34-35](/codex/john-13-34-35/)
- [Jesus Never Claimed to Be God Objection Defeater](/codex/jesus-never-claimed-to-be-god-objection-defeater/), via [John 13.19](/codex/john-13-19/)
- [Johannine Authorship of the Fourth Gospel](/codex/johannine-authorship-of-the-fourth-gospel/), via [John 13.23](/codex/john-13-23/), [John 13.23-24](/codex/john-13-23-24/)
- [Muhammad as Paraclete Refutation](/codex/muhammad-as-paraclete-refutation/), via [John 13.1](/codex/john-13-1/)

**Concepts:**

- [Biblical Love](/codex/biblical-love/), via [John 13.34](/codex/john-13-34/)
- [External Sources of Thought](/codex/external-sources-of-thought/), via [John 13.2](/codex/john-13-2/)
- [Father-Son Authority Asymmetry](/codex/father-son-authority-asymmetry/), via [John 13.3](/codex/john-13-3/)
- [Fivefold Ministry](/codex/ephesians-4-11/), via [John 13.13](/codex/john-13-13/)
- [Foreknowledge vs Causation](/codex/foreknowledge-vs-causation/), via [John 13.21-27](/codex/john-13-21-27/)
- [Jesus Said](/codex/jesus-said/)
- [Mosaic Law](/codex/mosaic-law/), via [John 13.34-35](/codex/john-13-34-35/)
- [Old Testament Christology](/codex/old-testament-witness-to-the-deity-of-christ/), via [John 13.19](/codex/john-13-19/)
- [Paraclete, Identity and Recipients](/codex/paraclete-identity-and-recipients/), via [John 13.30](/codex/john-13-30/)
- [Teacher](/codex/teacher/), via [John 13.13](/codex/john-13-13/)
- [The Devil](/codex/the-devil/), via [John 13.27](/codex/john-13-27/)

**People:**

- [John the Apostle](/codex/john-the-apostle/), via [John 13.23](/codex/john-13-23/), [John 13.35](/codex/john-13-35/)

**Lexicon:**

- [G0025 - agapao](/codex/g0025-agapao/), via [John 13.34-35](/codex/john-13-34-35/)
- [G0026 - agape](/codex/g0026-agape/), via [John 13.34](/codex/john-13-34/), [John 13.34-35](/codex/john-13-34-35/)
- [G1228 - diabolos](/codex/g1228-diabolos/), via [John 13.2](/codex/john-13-2/)
- [G1492 - oida](/codex/g1492-oida/), via [John 13.1](/codex/john-13-1/), [John 13.3](/codex/john-13-3/)
- [G1510 - eimi](/codex/g1510-eimi/), via [John 13.19](/codex/john-13-19/)
- [G3860 - paradidomi](/codex/g3860-paradidomi/), via [John 13.11](/codex/john-13-11/), [John 13.18](/codex/john-13-18/), [John 13.2](/codex/john-13-2/)
- [G4567 - satanas](/codex/g4567-satanas/), via [John 13.27](/codex/john-13-27/)
- [G5056 - telos](/codex/g5056-telos/), via [John 13.1](/codex/john-13-1/)
- [H5650 - ebed](/codex/h5650-ebed/), via [John 13.13-16](/codex/john-13-13-16/)

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_Scripture quotations taken from the **New American Standard Bible®** (NASB), Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995 by **The Lockman Foundation**. Used by permission. All rights reserved. [www.lockman.org](https://www.lockman.org)_

## Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the **most literal English translations available** (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the **public domain in the United States**, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

- **[ASV](/codex/asv/)** (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
- **[WEB](/codex/web/)** (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
- **[KJV](/codex/kjv/)** (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
- **[YLT](/codex/ylt/)** (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See [Bibles](/codex/bibles/) for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.