# John 12 **Book:** [John](/codex/john-the-apostle/) · NASB95 ## Immediate context (±2 verses) **ASV** ([ASV](/codex/asv/)) > 1. Jesus therefore six days before the passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, whom Jesus raised from the dead. 2. So they made him a supper there: and Martha served; but Lazarus was one of them that sat at meat with him. 3. Mary therefore took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odor of the ointment. 4. But Judas Iscariot, one of his disciples, that should betray him, saith, 5. Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred shillings, and given to the poor? 6. Now this he said, not because he cared for the poor; but because he was a thief, and having the bag took away what was put therein. 7. Jesus therefore said, Suffer her to keep it against the day of my burying. 8. For the poor ye have always with you; but me ye have not always. 9. The common people therefore of the Jews learned that he was there: and they came, not for Jesus' sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead. 10. But the chief priests took counsel that they might put Lazarus also to death; 11. because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed on Jesus. 12. On the morrow a great multitude that had come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, 13. took the branches of the palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried out, Hosanna: Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord, even the King of Israel. 14. And Jesus, having found a young ass, sat thereon; as it is written, 15. Fear not, daughter of Zion: behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass's colt. 16. These things understood not his disciples at the first: but when Jesus was glorified, then remembered they that these things were written of him, and that they had done these things unto him. 17. The multitude therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb, and raised him from the dead, bare witness. 18. For this cause also the multitude went and met him, for that they heard that he had done this sign. 19. The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Behold how ye prevail nothing: lo, the world is gone after him. 20. Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast: 21. these therefore came to Philip, who was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus. 22. Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: Andrew cometh, and Philip, and they tell Jesus. 23. And Jesus answereth them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified. 24. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth by itself alone; but if it die, it beareth much fruit. 25. He that loveth his life loseth it; and he that hateth his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal. 26. If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will the Father honor. 27. Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour. But for this cause came I unto this hour. 28. Father, glorify thy name. There came therefore a voice out of heaven, saying, I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again. 29. The multitude therefore, that stood by, and heard it, said that it had thundered: others said, An angel hath spoken to him. 30. Jesus answered and said, This voice hath not come for my sake, but for your sakes. 31. Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out. 32. And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto myself. 33. But this he said, signifying by what manner of death he should die. 34. The multitude therefore answered him, We have heard out of the law that the Christ abideth for ever: and how sayest thou, The Son of man must be lifted up? who is this Son of man? 35. Jesus therefore said unto them, Yet a little while is the light among you. Walk while ye have the light, that darkness overtake you not: and he that walketh in the darkness knoweth not whither he goeth. 36. While ye have the light, believe on the light, that ye may become sons of light. These things spake Jesus, and he departed and hid himself from them. 37. But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they believed not on him: 38. that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? And to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed? 39. For this cause they could not believe, for that Isaiah said again, 40. He hath blinded their eyes, and he hardened their heart; Lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, And should turn, And I should heal them. 41. These things said Isaiah, because he saw his glory; and he spake of him. 42. Nevertheless even of the rulers many believed on him; but because of the Pharisees they did not confess it, lest they should be put out of the synagogue: 43. for they loved the glory that is of men more than the glory that is of God. 44. And Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me. 45. And he that beholdeth me beholdeth him that sent me. 46. I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me may not abide in the darkness. 47. And if any man hear my sayings, and keep them not, I judge him not: for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. 48. He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my sayings, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I spake, the same shall judge him in the last day. 49. For I spake not from myself; but the Father that sent me, he hath given me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. 50. And I know that his commandment is life eternal: the things therefore which I speak, even as the Father hath said unto me, so I speak. (John 12:1-50, ASV) **WEB** ([WEB](/codex/web/)) > 1. Then six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had been dead, whom he raised from the dead. 2. So they made him a supper there. Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with him. 3. Mary, therefore, took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair. The house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment. 4. Then Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, one of his disciples, who would betray him, said, 5. “Why wasn’t this ointment sold for three hundred denarii, and given to the poor?” 6. Now he said this, not because he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and having the money box, used to steal what was put into it. 7. But Jesus said, “Leave her alone. She has kept this for the day of my burial. 8. For you always have the poor with you, but you don’t always have me.” 9. A large crowd therefore of the Jews learned that he was there, and they came, not for Jesus’ sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead. 10. But the chief priests conspired to put Lazarus to death also, 11. because on account of him many of the Jews went away and believed in Jesus. 12. On the next day a great multitude had come to the feast. When they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, 13. they took the branches of the palm trees, and went out to meet him, and cried out, “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!” 14. Jesus, having found a young donkey, sat on it. As it is written, 15. “Don’t be afraid, daughter of Zion. Behold, your King comes, sitting on a donkey’s colt.” 16. His disciples didn’t understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about him, and that they had done these things to him. 17. The multitude therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb, and raised him from the dead, was testifying about it. 18. For this cause also the multitude went and met him, because they heard that he had done this sign. 19. The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, “See how you accomplish nothing. Behold, the world has gone after him.” 20. Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast. 21. These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, “Sir, we want to see Jesus.” 22. Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn, Andrew came with Philip, and they told Jesus. 23. Jesus answered them, “The time has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. 24. Most certainly I tell you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains by itself alone. But if it dies, it bears much fruit. 25. He who loves his life will lose it. He who hates his life in this world will keep it to eternal life. 26. If anyone serves me, let him follow me. Where I am, there will my servant also be. If anyone serves me, the Father will honor him. 27. “Now my soul is troubled. What shall I say? ‘Father, save me from this time?’ But for this cause I came to this time. 28. Father, glorify your name!” Then there came a voice out of the sky, saying, “I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again.” 29. The multitude therefore, who stood by and heard it, said that it had thundered. Others said, “An angel has spoken to him.” 30. Jesus answered, “This voice hasn’t come for my sake, but for your sakes. 31. Now is the judgment of this world. Now the prince of this world will be cast out. 32. And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” 33. But he said this, signifying by what kind of death he should die. 34. The multitude answered him, “We have heard out of the law that the Christ remains forever. How do you say, ‘The Son of Man must be lifted up?’ Who is this Son of Man?” 35. Jesus therefore said to them, “Yet a little while the light is with you. Walk while you have the light, that darkness doesn’t overtake you. He who walks in the darkness doesn’t know where he is going. 36. While you have the light, believe in the light, that you may become children of light.” Jesus said these things, and he departed and hid himself from them. 37. But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they didn’t believe in him, 38. that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke, “Lord, who has believed our report? To whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” 39. For this cause they couldn’t believe, for Isaiah said again, 40. “He has blinded their eyes and he hardened their heart, lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, and would turn, and I would heal them.” 41. Isaiah said these things when he saw his glory, and spoke of him. 42. Nevertheless even of the rulers many believed in him, but because of the Pharisees they didn’t confess it, so that they wouldn’t be put out of the synagogue, 43. for they loved men’s praise more than God’s praise. 44. Jesus cried out and said, “Whoever believes in me, believes not in me, but in him who sent me. 45. He who sees me sees him who sent me. 46. I have come as a light into the world, that whoever believes in me may not remain in the darkness. 47. If anyone listens to my sayings, and doesn’t believe, I don’t judge him. For I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. 48. He who rejects me, and doesn’t receive my sayings, has one who judges him. The word that I spoke, the same will judge him in the last day. 49. For I spoke not from myself, but the Father who sent me, he gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. 50. I know that his commandment is eternal life. The things therefore which I speak, even as the Father has said to me, so I speak.” (John 12:1-50, WEB) **KJV** ([KJV](/codex/kjv/)) > 1. Then Jesus six days before the passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was which had been dead, whom he raised from the dead. 2. There they made him a supper; and Martha served: but Lazarus was one of them that sat at the table with him. 3. Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment. 4. Then saith one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, which should betray him, 5. Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor? 6. This he said, not that he cared for the poor; but because he was a thief, and had the bag, and bare what was put therein. 7. Then said Jesus, Let her alone: against the day of my burying hath she kept this. 8. For the poor always ye have with you; but me ye have not always. 9. Much people of the Jews therefore knew that he was there: and they came not for Jesus' sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead. 10. But the chief priests consulted that they might put Lazarus also to death; 11. Because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed on Jesus. 12. On the next day much people that were come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, 13. Took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried, Hosanna: Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord. 14. And Jesus, when he had found a young ass, sat thereon; as it is written, 15. Fear not, daughter of Sion: behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass's colt. 16. These things understood not his disciples at the first: but when Jesus was glorified, then remembered they that these things were written of him, and that they had done these things unto him. 17. The people therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of his grave, and raised him from the dead, bare record. 18. For this cause the people also met him, for that they heard that he had done this miracle. 19. The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Perceive ye how ye prevail nothing? behold, the world is gone after him. 20. And there were certain Greeks among them that came up to worship at the feast: 21. The same came therefore to Philip, which was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and desired him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus. 22. Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: and again Andrew and Philip tell Jesus. 23. And Jesus answered them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified. 24. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit. 25. He that loveth his life shall lose it; and he that hateth his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal. 26. If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will my Father honour. 27. Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour: but for this cause came I unto this hour. 28. Father, glorify thy name. Then came there a voice from heaven, saying, I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again. 29. The people therefore, that stood by, and heard it, said that it thundered: others said, An angel spake to him. 30. Jesus answered and said, This voice came not because of me, but for your sakes. 31. Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out. 32. And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me. 33. This he said, signifying what death he should die. 34. The people answered him, We have heard out of the law that Christ abideth for ever: and how sayest thou, The Son of man must be lifted up? who is this Son of man? 35. Then Jesus said unto them, Yet a little while is the light with you. Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness come upon you: for he that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth. 36. While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be the children of light. These things spake Jesus, and departed, and did hide himself from them. 37. But though he had done so many miracles before them, yet they believed not on him: 38. That the saying of Esaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed? 39. Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again, 40. He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them. 41. These things said Esaias, when he saw his glory, and spake of him. 42. Nevertheless among the chief rulers also many believed on him; but because of the Pharisees they did not confess him, lest they should be put out of the synagogue: 43. For they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God. 44. Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me. 45. And he that seeth me seeth him that sent me. 46. I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me should not abide in darkness. 47. And if any man hear my words, and believe not, I judge him not: for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. 48. He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day. 49. For I have not spoken of myself; but the Father which sent me, he gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. 50. And I know that his commandment is life everlasting: whatsoever I speak therefore, even as the Father said unto me, so I speak. (John 12:1-50, KJV) **YLT** ([YLT](/codex/ylt/)) > 1. Jesus, therefore, six days before the passover, came to Bethany, where was Lazarus, who had died, whom he raised out of the dead; 2. they made, therefore, to him a supper there, and Martha was ministering, and Lazarus was one of those reclining together (at meat) with him; 3. Mary, therefore, having taken a pound of ointment of spikenard, of great price, anointed the feet of Jesus and did wipe with her hair his feet, and the house was filled from the fragrance of the ointment. 4. Therefore saith one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, of Simon, who is about to deliver him up 5. 'Wherefore was not this ointment sold for three hundred denaries, and given to the poor?' 6. and he said this, not because he was caring for the poor, but because he was a thief, and had the bag, and what things were put in he was carrying. 7. Jesus, therefore, said, 'Suffer her; for the day of my embalming she hath kept it, 8. for the poor ye have always with yourselves, and me ye have not always.' 9. A great multitude, therefore, of the Jews knew that he is there, and they came, not because of Jesus only, but that Lazarus also they may see, whom he raised out of the dead; 10. and the chief priests took counsel, that also Lazarus they may kill, 11. because on account of him many of the Jews were going away, and were believing in Jesus. 12. On the morrow, a great multitude that came to the feast, having heard that Jesus doth come to Jerusalem, 13. took the branches of the palms, and went forth to meet him, and were crying, 'Hosanna, blessed [is] he who is coming in the name of the Lord, the king of Israel;' 14. and Jesus having found a young ass did sit upon it, according as it is written, 15. 'Fear not, daughter of Sion, lo, thy king doth come, sitting on an ass' colt.' 16. And these things his disciples did not know at the first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were having been written about him, and these things they did to him. 17. The multitude, therefore, who are with him, were testifying that he called Lazarus out of the tomb, and did raise him out of the dead; 18. because of this also did the multitude meet him, because they heard of his having done this sign, 19. the Pharisees, therefore, said among themselves, 'Ye see that ye do not gain anything, lo, the world did go after him.' 20. And there were certain Greeks out of those coming up that they may worship in the feast, 21. these then came near to Philip, who [is] from Bethsaida of Galilee, and were asking him, saying, 'Sir, we wish to see Jesus;' 22. Philip cometh and telleth Andrew, and again Andrew and Philip tell Jesus. 23. And Jesus responded to them, saying, 'The hour hath come that the Son of Man may be glorified; 24. verily, verily, I say to you, if the grain of the wheat, having fallen to the earth, may not die, itself remaineth alone; and if it may die, it doth bear much fruit; 25. he who is loving his life shall lose it, and he who is hating his life in this world, to life age-during shall keep it; 26. if any one may minister to me, let him follow me, and where I am, there also my ministrant shall be; and if any one may minister to me, honour him will the Father. 27. 'Now hath my soul been troubled, and what? shall I say, Father, save me from this hour?, but because of this I came to this hour; 28. Father, glorify Thy name.' There came, therefore, a voice out of the heaven, 'I both glorified, and again I will glorify [it];' 29. the multitude, therefore, having stood and heard, were saying that there hath been thunder; others said, 'A messenger hath spoken to him.' 30. Jesus answered and said, 'Not because of me hath this voice come, but because of you; 31. now is a judgment of this world, now shall the ruler of this world be cast forth; 32. and I, if I may be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto myself.' 33. And this he said signifying by what death he was about to die; 34. the multitude answered him, 'We heard out of the law that the Christ doth remain, to the age; and how dost thou say, That it behoveth the Son of Man to be lifted up? who is this, the Son of Man?' 35. Jesus, therefore, said to them, 'Yet a little time is the light with you; walk while ye have the light, that darkness may not overtake you; and he who is walking in the darkness hath not known where he goeth; 36. while ye have the light, believe in the light, that sons of light ye may become.' These things spake Jesus, and having gone away, he was hid from them, 37. yet he having done so many signs before them, they were not believing in him, 38. that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he said, 'Lord, who gave credence to our report? and the arm of the Lord, to whom was it revealed?' 39. Because of this they were not able to believe, that again Isaiah said, 40. 'He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart, that they might not see with the eyes, and understand with the heart, and turn back, and I might heal them;' 41. these things said Isaiah, when he saw his glory, and spake of him. 42. Still, however, also out of the rulers did many believe in him, but because of the Pharisees they were not confessing, that they might not be put out of the synagogue, 43. for they loved the glory of men more than the glory of God. 44. And Jesus cried and said, 'He who is believing in me, doth not believe in me, but in Him who sent me; 45. and he who is beholding me, doth behold Him who sent me; 46. I a light to the world have come, that every one who is believing in me, in the darkness may not remain; 47. and if any one may hear my sayings, and not believe, I, I do not judge him, for I came not that I might judge the world, but that I might save the world. 48. 'He who is rejecting me, and not receiving my sayings, hath one who is judging him, the word that I spake, that will judge him in the last day, 49. because I spake not from myself, but the Father who sent me, He did give me a command, what I may say, and what I may speak, 50. and I have known that His command is life age-during; what, therefore, I speak, according as the Father hath said to me, so I speak.' (John 12:1-50, YLT) ## Setting - **Speaker:** _TBD_ - **Audience:** _TBD_ - **Location:** _TBD_ - **Time period:** _TBD_ ## Theological reading _Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added._ ## Key words _Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word; see Lexicon Roadmap._ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ ## Quoted in **Arguments and defeaters:** - [Cumulative Case for the Deity of Christ](/codex/cumulative-case-for-the-deity-of-christ/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Failed Second Coming Prophecy Objection Defeater](/codex/failed-second-coming-prophecy-objection-defeater/), via [John 12.31](/codex/john-12-31/) - [Gentiles Cannot Be Saved Objection Defeater](/codex/gentiles-cannot-be-saved-objection-defeater/), via [John 12.20-23](/codex/john-12-20-23/) - [Satanic Fabrication Objection Defeater](/codex/satanic-fabrication-objection-defeater/), via [John 12.31](/codex/john-12-31/) - [Why Didnt Jesus Write Anything Himself Objection Defeater](/codex/why-didnt-jesus-write-anything-himself-objection-defeater/), via [John 12.32-33](/codex/john-12-32-33/) - [Why Doesn't God Heal Amputees Objection Defeater](/codex/why-doesnt-god-heal-amputees-objection-defeater/), via [John 12.9-11](/codex/john-12-9-11/) - [Why Doesnt God Stop Satan Objection Defeater](/codex/why-doesnt-god-stop-satan-objection-defeater/), via [John 12.31](/codex/john-12-31/) **Concepts:** - [Angel of the LORD](/codex/angel-of-the-lord/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Christ is God](/codex/christ-is-god/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Christian Muslim Defender](/codex/christian-muslim-defender/), via [John 12.32](/codex/john-12-32/) - [Christianity](/codex/christianity/), via [John 12.38-41](/codex/john-12-38-41/) - [Christs Deity](/codex/christs-deity/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Failed Messianic Prophecy Objections](/codex/failed-messianic-prophecy-objections/), via [John 12.14-15](/codex/john-12-14-15/) - [Father-Son Authority Asymmetry](/codex/father-son-authority-asymmetry/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Jesus Said](/codex/jesus-said/) - [Names of Jehovah](/codex/names-of-jehovah/), via [John 12.32](/codex/john-12-32/), [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Old Testament Christology](/codex/old-testament-witness-to-the-deity-of-christ/), via [John 12.38](/codex/john-12-38/), [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Old Testament Witness to the Deity of Christ](/codex/old-testament-witness-to-the-deity-of-christ/), via [John 12.15](/codex/john-12-15/), [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [OT Authorship and Prophetic Tradition](/codex/ot-authorship-and-prophetic-tradition/), via [John 12.38-41](/codex/john-12-38-41/) - [Pre-Pauline Creeds](/codex/pre-pauline-creeds/), via [John 12.13](/codex/john-12-13/) - [Satan](/codex/h7854-satan/), via [John 12.31](/codex/john-12-31/) - [The Devil](/codex/the-devil/), via [John 12.31](/codex/john-12-31/) - [Two Powers in Heaven](/codex/two-powers-in-heaven/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Two-Stage Messianic Prophecy](/codex/two-stage-messianic-prophecy/), via [John 12.14-15](/codex/john-12-14-15/) - [Universalism](/codex/universalism/), via [John 12.32](/codex/john-12-32/) **People:** - [Andrew the Apostle](/codex/andrew-the-apostle/), via [John 12.20-22](/codex/john-12-20-22/), [John 12.22](/codex/john-12-22/) - [Isaiah the Prophet](/codex/isaiah-the-prophet/), via [John 12.38-41](/codex/john-12-38-41/), [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [John the Apostle](/codex/john-the-apostle/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [Philip the Apostle](/codex/philip-the-apostle/), via [John 12.20-22](/codex/john-12-20-22/), [John 12.21](/codex/john-12-21/) **Lexicon:** - [G0025 - agapao](/codex/g0025-agapao/), via [John 12.25](/codex/john-12-25/), [John 12.43](/codex/john-12-43/) - [G0622 - apollymi](/codex/g0622-apollymi/), via [John 12.25](/codex/john-12-25/) - [G1391 - doxa](/codex/g1391-doxa/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [G1510 - eimi](/codex/g1510-eimi/), via [John 12.26](/codex/john-12-26/) - [G2540 - kairos](/codex/g2540-kairos/), via [John 12.23](/codex/john-12-23/), [John 12.27](/codex/john-12-27/) - [G2889 - kosmos](/codex/g2889-kosmos/), via [John 12.31](/codex/john-12-31/), [John 12.47](/codex/john-12-47/) - [G2920 - krisis](/codex/g2920-krisis/), via [John 12.31](/codex/john-12-31/) - [G2962 - kyrios](/codex/g2962-kyrios/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [G4567 - satanas](/codex/g4567-satanas/), via [John 12.31](/codex/john-12-31/) - [G5590 - psyche](/codex/g5590-psyche/), via [John 12.27](/codex/john-12-27/) - [H0113 - adon](/codex/h0113-adon/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [H1121 - ben](/codex/h1121-ben/), via [John 12.36](/codex/john-12-36/) - [H3068 - YHWH](/codex/h3068-yhwh/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [H3519 - kavod](/codex/h3519-kavod/), via [John 12.41](/codex/john-12-41/) - [H3820 - lev](/codex/h3820-lev/), via [John 12.40](/codex/john-12-40/) - [H5650 - ebed](/codex/h5650-ebed/), via [John 12.38](/codex/john-12-38/) - [H8085 - shama](/codex/h8085-shama/), via [John 12.40](/codex/john-12-40/) **Passages:** - [Zechariah 9.9](/codex/zechariah-9-9/) --- _Scripture quotations taken from the **New American Standard Bible®** (NASB), Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995 by **The Lockman Foundation**. Used by permission. All rights reserved. [www.lockman.org](https://www.lockman.org)_ ## Why these four translations ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the **most literal English translations available** (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the **public domain in the United States**, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance. The four: - **[ASV](/codex/asv/)** (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition. - **[WEB](/codex/web/)** (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English. - **[KJV](/codex/kjv/)** (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base. - **[YLT](/codex/ylt/)** (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff. See [Bibles](/codex/bibles/) for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.