# Isaiah 44.28-45.1

<!-- type: passage | created: 2026-09-28 | updated: 2026-09-28 -->

**Book:** [Isaiah](/codex/isaiah/) · NASB95

## Immediate context (±2 verses)

**ASV** ([ASV](/codex/asv/))
> 26. that confirmeth the word of his servant, and performeth the counsel of his messengers; that saith of Jerusalem, She shall be inhabited; and of the cities of Judah, They shall be built, and I will raise up the waste places thereof; 27. that saith to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers;
>
> **28. That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure, even saying of Jerusalem, She shall be built; and of the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid. 45:1. Thus saith Jehovah to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him, and I will loose the loins of kings; to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut:**
>
> 45:2. I will go before thee, and make the rough places smooth; I will break in pieces the doors of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron; 45:3. and I will give thee the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that it is I, Jehovah, who call thee by thy name, even the God of Israel. (Isaiah 44:26-45:3, ASV)

**WEB** ([WEB](/codex/web/))
> 26. who confirms the word of his servant, and performs the counsel of his messengers; who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited;’ and of the cities of Judah, ‘They will be built,’ and ‘I will raise up its waste places;’ 27. who says to the deep, ‘Be dry,’ and ‘I will dry up your rivers;’
>
> **28. Who says of Cyrus, ‘He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure,’ even saying of Jerusalem, ‘She will be built;’ and of the temple, ‘Your foundation will be laid.’” 45:1. Yahweh says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have held, to subdue nations before him, and strip kings of their armor; to open the doors before him, and the gates shall not be shut:**
>
> 45:2. “I will go before you, and make the rough places smooth. I will break the doors of brass in pieces, and cut apart the bars of iron. 45:3. I will give you the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that you may know that it is I, Yahweh, who call you by your name, even the God of Israel. (Isaiah 44:26-45:3, WEB)

**KJV** ([KJV](/codex/kjv/))
> 26. That confirmeth the word of his servant, and performeth the counsel of his messengers; that saith to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be inhabited; and to the cities of Judah, Ye shall be built, and I will raise up the decayed places thereof: <sup>decayed: Heb. wastes</sup> 27. That saith to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers:
>
> **28. That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid. 45:1. Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut; <sup>have: or, strengthened</sup>**
>
> 45:2. I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight: I will break in pieces the gates of brass, and cut in sunder the bars of iron: 45:3. And I will give thee the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that I, the LORD, which call thee by thy name, am the God of Israel. (Isaiah 44:26-45:3, KJV)

**YLT** ([YLT](/codex/ylt/))
> 26. Confirming the word of His servant, The counsel of His messengers it perfecteth, Who is saying of Jerusalem, She is inhabited, And of cities of Judah, They shall be built, and her wastes I raise up, 27. Who is saying to the deep, Be dry, and thy rivers I cause to dry up,
>
> **28. Who is saying of Cyrus, My shepherd, And all my delight He doth perfect, So as to say of Jerusalem, Thou art built, And of the temple, Thou art founded. 45:1. Thus said Jehovah, To His anointed, to Cyrus, Whose right hand I have laid hold on, To subdue nations before him, Yea, loins of kings I loose, To open before him two-leaved doors, Yea, gates are not shut:**
>
> 45:2. 'I go before thee, and crooked places make straight, Two-leaved doors of brass I shiver, And bars of iron I cut asunder, 45:3. And have given to thee treasures of darkness, Even treasures of secret places, So that thou knowest that I, Jehovah, Who am calling on thy name, [am] the God of Israel. (Isaiah 44:26-45:3, YLT)

## Setting

- **Speaker:** _TBD_
- **Audience:** _TBD_
- **Location:** _TBD_
- **Time period:** _TBD_

## Theological reading

_Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added._

## Key words

_Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word._

- _TBD_
- _TBD_
- _TBD_
- _TBD_

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## Quoted in

**Arguments and defeaters:**

- [Cosmic Dictator Objection Defeater](/codex/cosmic-dictator-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.24-28](/codex/isaiah-44-24-28/)
- [Cyrus Saved the Jews Not Jesus Objection Defeater](/codex/cyrus-saved-the-jews-not-jesus-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44](/codex/isaiah-44/), [Isaiah 44.28](/codex/isaiah-44-28/)
- [Elohim Is a Divine Council Objection Defeater](/codex/elohim-is-a-divine-council-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [God Created Me Knowing I Would Reject Him Objection Defeater](/codex/god-created-me-knowing-i-would-reject-him-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.28](/codex/isaiah-44-28/)
- [God Is Surprised Objection Defeater](/codex/god-is-surprised-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.7-8](/codex/isaiah-44-7-8/)
- [Isaiah 53 Is About Israel Objection Defeater](/codex/isaiah-53-is-about-israel-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.15](/codex/isaiah-44-15/), [Isaiah 44.22](/codex/isaiah-44-22/)
- [OT Polytheism Objection Defeater](/codex/ot-polytheism-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [Trinity Violates the Shema Objection Defeater](/codex/trinity-violates-the-shema-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.24](/codex/isaiah-44-24/), [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [Unitarian Oneness Binitarian Objection Defeater](/codex/unitarian-oneness-binitarian-objection-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.24](/codex/isaiah-44-24/)
- [Yahweh is a Son of Elyon Defeater](/codex/yahweh-is-a-son-of-elyon-defeater/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)

**Concepts:**

- [Angel of the LORD](/codex/angel-of-the-lord/), via [Isaiah 44.24](/codex/isaiah-44-24/)
- [Are There Other Gods](/codex/are-there-other-gods/), via [Isaiah 44.16-17](/codex/isaiah-44-16-17/), [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [Biblical Prophecy](/codex/biblical-prophecy/)
- [Calvinism vs Arminianism vs Molinism vs Open Theism](/codex/calvinism-vs-arminianism-vs-molinism-vs-open-theism/), via [Isaiah 44.28](/codex/isaiah-44-28/)
- [Christianity](/codex/christianity/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [Confirmation Bias](/codex/confirmation-bias/), via [Isaiah 44](/codex/isaiah-44/)
- [Counterfactuals of Freedom](/codex/counterfactuals-of-freedom/)
- [Cyrus Cylinder](/codex/cyrus-cylinder/), via [Isaiah 44.28](/codex/isaiah-44-28/)
- [Divine Gender Polarity and Feminine Imagery](/codex/divine-gender-polarity-and-feminine-imagery/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [Doctrine](/codex/doctrine/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [Expansion of the Universe](/codex/expansion-of-the-universe/), via [Isaiah 44.24](/codex/isaiah-44-24/)
- [God Is Surprised Objection](/codex/god-is-surprised-objection/), via [Isaiah 44.7-8](/codex/isaiah-44-7-8/)
- [Idolatry](/codex/idolatry/), via [Isaiah 44.9-20](/codex/isaiah-44-9-20/)
- [Isaiah 45.7 I Create Evil](/codex/isaiah-45-7-i-create-evil/), via [Isaiah 44.28](/codex/isaiah-44-28/)
- [Modalism](/codex/modalism/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/), [Isaiah 44.8](/codex/isaiah-44-8/)
- [Monotheism](/codex/monotheism/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/), [Isaiah 44.8](/codex/isaiah-44-8/), [Isaiah 44.9-20](/codex/isaiah-44-9-20/)
- [Mormonism](/codex/mormonism/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [Old Testament Witness to the Deity of Christ](/codex/old-testament-witness-to-the-deity-of-christ/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [Oneness Pentecostalism](/codex/oneness-pentecostalism/), via [Isaiah 44.24](/codex/isaiah-44-24/), [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/), [Isaiah 44.8](/codex/isaiah-44-8/)
- [Open Theism](/codex/open-theism/), via [Isaiah 44.28](/codex/isaiah-44-28/)
- [Theism](/codex/theism/), via [Isaiah 44](/codex/isaiah-44/)
- [Trinity OT Stack (Five Texts)](/codex/trinity-ot-stack-five-texts/), via [Isaiah 44.24](/codex/isaiah-44-24/)
- [Trinity Plural-Hebrew-Noun Stack](/codex/trinity-plural-hebrew-noun-stack/), via [Isaiah 44.24](/codex/isaiah-44-24/)
- [Trinity vs Oneness vs Modalism vs Arianism](/codex/trinity-vs-oneness-vs-modalism-vs-arianism/), via [Isaiah 44.24](/codex/isaiah-44-24/), [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/), [Isaiah 44.8](/codex/isaiah-44-8/)

**People:**

- [Isaiah the Prophet](/codex/isaiah-the-prophet/), via [Isaiah 44.28](/codex/isaiah-44-28/), [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/), [Isaiah 44.6-8](/codex/isaiah-44-6-8/), [Isaiah 44.8](/codex/isaiah-44-8/)
- [Nebuchadrezzar](/codex/nebuchadrezzar/)

**Lexicon:**

- [H1350 - goel](/codex/h1350-goel/), via [Isaiah 44.6](/codex/isaiah-44-6/)
- [H6588 - pesha](/codex/h6588-pesha/), via [Isaiah 44.22](/codex/isaiah-44-22/)

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## Notes

_Your annotations._

## Why these four translations

ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the **most literal English translations available** (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the **public domain in the United States**, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance.

The four:

- **[ASV](/codex/asv/)** (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition.
- **[WEB](/codex/web/)** (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English.
- **[KJV](/codex/kjv/)** (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base.
- **[YLT](/codex/ylt/)** (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff.

See [Bibles](/codex/bibles/) for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.