# Galatians 1.18-21 **Book:** [Galatians](/codex/galatians/) · NASB95 ## Immediate context (±2 verses) **ASV** ([ASV](/codex/asv/)) > 16. to reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the Gentiles; straightway I conferred not with flesh and blood: 17. neither went I up to Jerusalem to them that were apostles before me: but I went away into Arabia; and again I returned unto Damascus. > > **18. Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas, and tarried with him fifteen days. 19. But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord's brother. 20. Now touching the things which I write unto you, behold, before God, I lie not. 21. Then I came unto the regions of Syria and Cilicia.** > > 22. And I was still unknown by face unto the churches of Judaea which were in Christ: 23. but they only heard say, He that once persecuted us now preacheth the faith of which he once made havoc; (Galatians 1:16-23, ASV) **WEB** ([WEB](/codex/web/)) > 16. to reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I didn’t immediately confer with flesh and blood, 17. nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but I went away into Arabia. Then I returned to Damascus. > > **18. Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Peter, and stayed with him fifteen days. 19. But of the other apostles I saw no one, except James, the Lord’s brother. 20. Now about the things which I write to you, behold, before God, I’m not lying. 21. Then I came to the regions of Syria and Cilicia.** > > 22. I was still unknown by face to the assemblies of Judea which were in Christ, 23. but they only heard: “He who once persecuted us now preaches the faith that he once tried to destroy.” (Galatians 1:16-23, WEB) **KJV** ([KJV](/codex/kjv/)) > 16. To reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood: 17. Neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again unto Damascus. > > **18. Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and abode with him fifteen days. went up: or, returned 19. But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord's brother. 20. Now the things which I write unto you, behold, before God, I lie not. 21. Afterwards I came into the regions of Syria and Cilicia;** > > 22. And was unknown by face unto the churches of Judaea which were in Christ: 23. But they had heard only, That he which persecuted us in times past now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed. (Galatians 1:16-23, KJV) **YLT** ([YLT](/codex/ylt/)) > 16. to reveal His Son in me, that I might proclaim him good news among the nations, immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood, 17. nor did I go up to Jerusalem unto those who were apostles before me, but I went away to Arabia, and again returned to Damascus, > > **18. then, after three years I went up to Jerusalem to enquire about Peter, and remained with him fifteen days, 19. and other of the apostles I did not see, except James, the brother of the Lord. 20. And the things that I write to you, lo, before God, I lie not; 21. then I came to the regions of Syria and of Cilicia,** > > 22. and was unknown by face to the assemblies of Judea, that [are] in Christ, 23. and only they were hearing, that 'he who is persecuting us then, doth now proclaim good news, the faith that then he was wasting;' (Galatians 1:16-23, YLT) ## Setting - **Speaker:** _TBD_ - **Audience:** _TBD_ - **Location:** _TBD_ - **Time period:** _TBD_ ## Theological reading _Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added._ ## Key words _Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word; see Lexicon Roadmap._ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ ## Quoted in **Arguments and defeaters:** - [Argument from the Resurrection](/codex/argument-from-the-resurrection/), via [Galatians 1.18-19](/codex/galatians-1-18-19/), [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Causal Adequacy Argument](/codex/argument-from-the-proportionate-causality-convergence/), via [Galatians 1.18-19](/codex/galatians-1-18-19/) - [Christ Before Jesus Thesis Defeater](/codex/christ-before-jesus-thesis-defeater/), via [Galatians 1.18-19](/codex/galatians-1-18-19/) - [Christian God is the Only True God](/codex/christian-god-is-the-only-true-god/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Crucifixion Denial Refutation](/codex/crucifixion-denial-refutation/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Jesus Was Not Buried in a Tomb Objection Defeater](/codex/jesus-was-not-buried-in-a-tomb-objection-defeater/), via [Galatians 1.18](/codex/galatians-1-18/), [Galatians 1.18-19](/codex/galatians-1-18-19/) - [Mythicism Refutation](/codex/mythicism-refutation/), via [Galatians 1.18-19](/codex/galatians-1-18-19/), [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Paul Invented Christianity Objection Defeater](/codex/paul-invented-christianity-objection-defeater/), via [Galatians 1.18-19](/codex/galatians-1-18-19/), [Galatians 1.20](/codex/galatians-1-20/) - [Stolen Body Hypothesis Defeater](/codex/stolen-body-hypothesis-defeater/), via [Galatians 1.18-19](/codex/galatians-1-18-19/) - [Why Didnt Jesus Write Anything Himself Objection Defeater](/codex/why-didnt-jesus-write-anything-himself-objection-defeater/), via [Galatians 1.18](/codex/galatians-1-18/) **Concepts:** - [Apostle](/codex/apostle/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [James Ossuary](/codex/james-ossuary/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Pre-Pauline Creeds](/codex/pre-pauline-creeds/), via [Galatians 1.11-23](/codex/galatians-1-11-23/), [Galatians 1.18](/codex/galatians-1-18/), [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Quick Objection Responses](/codex/quick-objection-responses/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Resurrection](/codex/g0386-anastasis/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Resurrection of Jesus - Minimal Facts Case](/codex/resurrection-of-jesus-minimal-facts-case/), via [Galatians 1.18](/codex/galatians-1-18/), [Galatians 1.18-19](/codex/galatians-1-18-19/), [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Resurrection of Jesus - Naturalistic Counter-Theories](/codex/resurrection-of-jesus-naturalistic-counter-theories/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Zeitgeist - Constructed Religion Claims](/codex/zeitgeist-constructed-religion-claims/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) **People:** - [James the Brother of Jesus](/codex/james-the-brother-of-jesus/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [James the Lesser](/codex/james-the-lesser/), via [Galatians 1.19](/codex/galatians-1-19/) - [Paul the Apostle](/codex/paul-the-apostle/) **Lexicon:** - [G3860 - paradidomi](/codex/g3860-paradidomi/), via [Galatians 1.18](/codex/galatians-1-18/) --- _Scripture quotations taken from the **New American Standard Bible®** (NASB), Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995 by **The Lockman Foundation**. Used by permission. All rights reserved. [www.lockman.org](https://www.lockman.org)_ ## Why these four translations ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the **most literal English translations available** (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the **public domain in the United States**, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance. The four: - **[ASV](/codex/asv/)** (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition. - **[WEB](/codex/web/)** (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English. - **[KJV](/codex/kjv/)** (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base. - **[YLT](/codex/ylt/)** (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff. See [Bibles](/codex/bibles/) for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.