# 1 Samuel 17.12 **Book:** [1 Samuel](/codex/1-samuel/) · NASB95 ## Immediate context (±2 verses) **ASV** ([ASV](/codex/asv/)) > 10. And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together. 11. And when Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, they were dismayed, and greatly afraid. > > **12. Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Beth-lehem-judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons: and the man was an old man in the days of Saul, stricken in years among men.** > > 13. And the three eldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the first-born, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 14. And David was the youngest; and the three eldest followed Saul. (1 Samuel 17:10-14, ASV) **WEB** ([WEB](/codex/web/)) > 10. The Philistine said, “I defy the armies of Israel today! Give me a man, that we may fight together!” 11. When Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, they were dismayed, and greatly afraid. > > **12. Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehem Judah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons. The man was an elderly old man in the days of Saul.** > > 13. The three oldest sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons who went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 14. David was the youngest; and the three oldest followed Saul. (1 Samuel 17:10-14, WEB) **KJV** ([KJV](/codex/kjv/)) > 10. And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together. 11. When Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, they were dismayed, and greatly afraid. > > **12. Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehemjudah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons: and the man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul.** > > 13. And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 14. And David was the youngest: and the three eldest followed Saul. (1 Samuel 17:10-14, KJV) **YLT** ([YLT](/codex/ylt/)) > 10. And the Philistine saith, 'I have reproached the ranks of Israel this day; give to me a man, and we fight together.' 11. And Saul heareth, and all Israel, these words of the Philistine, and they are broken down and greatly afraid. > > **12. And David [is] son of this Ephrathite of Beth-Lehem-Judah, whose name [is] Jesse, and he hath eight sons, and the man in the days of Saul hath become aged among men;** > > 13. and the three eldest sons of Jesse go, they have gone after Saul to battle; and the name of his three sons who have gone into battle [are] Eliab the first-born, and his second Abinadab, and the third Shammah. 14. And David is the youngest, and the three eldest have gone after Saul, (1 Samuel 17:10-14, YLT) ## Setting - **Speaker:** _TBD_ - **Audience:** _TBD_ - **Location:** _TBD_ - **Time period:** _TBD_ ## Theological reading _Patristic / early-church-father exegesis, to be added._ ## Key words _Theologically-loaded Greek or Hebrew words in this verse may have entries in the lexicon. Curated to roughly 100 contested terms across the corpus, not every word._ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ - _TBD_ ## Quoted in **Concepts:** - [Zeitgeist - Astrotheological Claims](/codex/zeitgeist-astrotheological-claims/) ## Notes _Your annotations._ ## Why these four translations ris3n chose ASV, WEB, KJV, and YLT for two reasons together. They are the **most literal English translations available** (formal-equivalence: word-for-word renderings that preserve the Hebrew and Greek grammar rather than smoothing it into modern dynamic-equivalence idiom). And they are in the **public domain in the United States**, which means fair-use quotation at any length requires no publisher license. Modern licensed translations (NASB95, ESV, NIV) restrict volume of quotation under their copyright terms, so they are not used at stub-level coverage here. NASB95 appears only on hand-curated rich passage hubs under Lockman Foundation's fair-use allowance. The four: - **[ASV](/codex/asv/)** (American Standard Version, 1901). The basis of the modern critical-text English tradition. - **[WEB](/codex/web/)** (World English Bible, contemporary). Public-domain revision in the ASV line, in current English. - **[KJV](/codex/kjv/)** (King James Version, 1611). Reformation-era, Textus Receptus base. - **[YLT](/codex/ylt/)** (Young's Literal Translation, Robert Young, 1862). Hyper-literal preservation of Hebrew and Greek grammar; useful for word-study work even where English reads stiff. See [Bibles](/codex/bibles/) for the full per-translation history, translators, textual basis, strengths, and weaknesses.